中国泥蜂科分类及系统发育的研究

The family Sphecidae was elevated from subfamily Sphecinae in 1999, and together with other three sphecid families, belongs to Apoidea, Hymenoptera. Most of its species have large body and some are the largist predatory wasps, which also have the large population and wide distribution, and take direct effect on pest population control. In the long history evolution, the sphecid wasps evolved the special and complicated biological characters and surroundings adaptability, and represented a special branch in the Hymenoptera phylogeny. On Sphecidae, there are many species study reports abroad, but only a few report in China; no report about the evolution of morphological structure and function is presented in the world; and a few research on phylogeny and fauna was reported abroad. The research content and object of this project are: the first, extensive taxonomic research on the species, genera, tribes and subfamily of the family Sphecidae in China; the second, study on the evolution of some important morphological structures, analysis on their function and application of morphological structures and biology in the phylogeny and hierarchy of the different categories; the third, according to the morphology, genitalia structures, evolution of important morphological structures and biology, to study the phylogeny and hierarchy of the different categories; the fourth, study on the distribution characters and fauna of the family Sphecidae in China. This project has the important theory value and practice significance in providing material for the studies of the world fauna and phylogeny of the sphecid wasps, providing immediate specimens and data references for resolving the problem of Sphecidae species identification in the studies of insect biodiversity as well as the insect pest biological control.

泥蜂科Sphecidae（1999年由泥蜂亚科Sphecinae提升为科，与其它3个泥蜂类群的科并列）隶属膜翅目蜜蜂总科，多数种类个体较大、部分属于个体最大的捕猎性大蜂类，种群数量大，分布广，对害虫种群数量发生起到了直接自然控制作用；另外，在长期进化过程中形成了独特而复杂的生物学特性及生态环境适应性，在膜翅目系统发育中代表一个特殊的分支。国外对泥蜂种类的研究报道甚多，我国仅对部分种类进行报道；对形态结构和功能演化研究国内外均无报道，系统发育和区系研究仅见国外有少量几篇报道。本项目对我国泥蜂科分类、形态结构及其功能演化、系统发育和区系特征进行全面而系统地研究，明确我国实有种类及系统发育关系和区系特征，揭示其主要形态结构和功能在不同类群间的演化规律，为世界泥蜂系统发育及区系研究提供素材，为解决昆虫多样性和害虫生物防治等研究中泥蜂种类难鉴定的实际问题提供依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

泥蜂科Sphecidae隶属膜翅目蜜蜂总科，是一类重要的捕猎性天敌昆虫，其种群数量大，分布广，对害虫种群数量发生起到了直接自然控制作用；在长期进化过程中形成了独特而复杂的生物学特性及生态环境适应性，在膜翅目系统发育中代表一个特殊的分支。目前世界已知泥蜂科4亚科5族20属836种和亚种，我国已知该科4亚科3族12属109种和亚种。国内外对泥蜂形态结构和功能演化研究无报道，系统发育和区系研究仅见国外少量报道。.本项目对我国泥蜂科分类、形态结构及其功能演化、系统发育和区系特征进行全面而系统地研究。研究过程中，记述了我国泥蜂科Sphecidae 4亚科12属104种16亚种，其中包括9新种、1中国新记录种（其中3新种已发表），首次发现并描述了2已知种的雄性，完成了所有新种、新记录种和部分已知种的描述和特征图绘制工作，列制了所有分亚科、属及中国种类检索表，完成了中国泥蜂科专著初稿1本；完成了泥蜂科前足沙篮构造、筑巢行为、猎物携带方式、成虫食性等的进化分析；明确了泥蜂科各属及110种和亚种在中国7大区19小区的分布特点；完成了中国泥蜂科基于形态特征和分子数据的系统发育研究。发表和已接收发表论文10篇（其中，期刊论文8篇、专著论文2篇），培养了3名硕士研究生。完成了全部研究内容的研究工作，达到了预期目标。本项目研究结果为世界泥蜂系统发育及区系研究提供素材，为解决昆虫多样性和害虫生物防治等研究中泥蜂种类难鉴定的实际问题提供依据，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。