专业虚拟社区与企业电子知识库间的知识转移研究：大数据与用户行为相结合的视角

The emergence of network and information technology has changed the traditional mode of knowledge creation and communication, and has exerted profound influence on the current enterprise knowledge management and enterprise information system. The project investigates knowledge transfer between professional virtual communities and electronic knowledge repositories, the former being the representative of web2.0 era, the latter being the mainstream platform of enterprise knowledge management. First, the complicated phenomena of interactions between professional virtual communities and electronic knowledge repositories was described by means of big data, presenting the overall picture of knowledge transfer and exploring the laws of knowledge recreation during the process of knowledge transfer. Second, the knowledge transfer between professional virtual communities and electronic knowledge repositories was refined as user behaviors at micro-level. Moreover, the theory of planned behavior was applied to examine the antecedents of users’ knowledge transfer behaviors, and the behavior mechanism of employees, who are the dual users of professional virtual communities and electronic knowledge repositories, was interpreted. Last, an empirical approach was adopted to study the relationship between employees behaviors of knowledge transfer and personal performance, organizational performance. As a result, a comprehensive understanding about the effect of the inward or outward knowledge transfer in the network environment has been acquired. The project would expand the present theory of knowledge transfer, and the understanding of knowledge transfer phenomena and laws in the network environment was enhanced from both mesoscopic and microscopic perspectives. Also, the project may provide suggestions for the construction and improvement of enterprise knowledge management system.

新兴网络信息技术改变了传统的知识创造与交流模式，对当下的企业知识管理、企业信息系统产生着深刻影响。本课题从Web2.0时代的代表——专业虚拟社区与企业知识管理的主流平台——电子知识库入手考察二者间的知识转移：首先，采用大数据方法考察专业虚拟社区与电子知识库间复杂的数据交互现象，描绘知识转移的整体图景、呈现知识在转移过程中得以再创造的规律；其次，将专业虚拟社区与电子知识库间的知识转移提炼为微观层面的用户行为，应用计划行为理论考察用户知识转移行为的前因，阐释专业虚拟社区与电子知识库双重用户——员工的行为机制；最后，实证考察员工的知识转移行为与个人工作绩效、组织整体绩效的关系，全面认识网络环境下向内/向外知识转移的影响效应。本课题将拓展现有的知识转移理论，从中观和微观两个层面增进对网络环境下知识转移现象和规律的认识，为企业知识管理系统建设与改进提供建议。

专业虚拟社区是分散在不同地域且专业相关的一群人借助Web2.0技术进行沟通和知识交互而形成的虚拟社区，是新一代网络信息技术条件下的新兴知识源，即知识的供给方。企业特别是知识密集型企业、创新密集型企业作为知识需求方，对Web2.0技术、专业虚拟社区给予了高度重视。网络信息技术的兴起对知识管理产生了重大影响，探索新兴网络信息技术条件下的知识流动与转移规律，考察用户/员工对Web2.0信息系统的使用行为，评估用户使用行为对知识创造、企业创新的影响成为本项目的主要研究内容。.首先，考察了专业虚拟社区与企业间的知识流动与转移，构建了“PVC中的知识搜寻行为——企业组织中的知识应用行为——PVC中的知识贡献行为”路径模型；提出了‘知识增殖’概念并将其作为检验专业虚拟社区成功与否的重要标准，采用情景实验法检验了高知识质量和高互惠规范对PVC知识增殖的促进作用。.其次，考察了用户对专业虚拟社区、新闻2.0等信息系统使用的前因，比较了知识搜寻行为与知识贡献行为在行为动机、能力信念、主观规范等方面的差异；从动态视角展开分析，发现了促进PVC用户从搜寻者转变为贡献者的“能力机制”和“动力机制”；以在线新闻为研究对象，采用社交媒体分析技术获取2000条公开数据，实证考察了用户评论（即用户产生内容）的前因机制。.最后，考察了用户使用行为的后果，基于知识贡献、知识检验、知识搜寻与角色转变等用户行为阐明了专业虚拟社区的知识转移与创造过程，构建了PVC知识创造模型；进一步，以企业虚拟社区为研究对象，阐明了社区内的用户交互行为对创意质量、企业内部研发过程的影响机理。