地缘经济视角下的边境城镇产业空间演化及其机制研究— 以云南瑞丽、勐腊与河口为例

The border towns are of significance for Chinese stability and peace. With the booming of the “Belt and Road Initiative" and the "Inland Open Strategy along Border Areas”, the industrial development of border towns is facing enormous opportunities and challenges. Thus the industrial spatial development of border tows from the perspsective of geo-economics plays a key role in promoting the all-round sustainable development of the border region. Up to date, the researches on this topic pay more attention to the influence of regional or urban industrial factors. Instead, the research on the border towns’ industrial development from the perspective of macro geo-economics and national policy impacts needs to be strengthened. In order to enrich the systematic research on geo-economics and industrial geography, as well as border geography, three key border towns, Ruili, Mengla and Hekou Town, in Yunnan Province will be chosen as key study areas in detail. It is applied by the combination of genealogical chart interpretation, geopolitical analysis, questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews, as well as GIS spatial analysis, etc. By these means, this project will clarify the characteristics and types of industrial space in border towns from the perspective of geo-economics, and reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of industrial space in the border towns, under the complex geopolitical environment of Chinese Southwest regions. It is also analyzed that multiscal factors affecting geo-economic enterprises, capital and labor in border towns and mutual feedback mechanism. Finally, the models of industrial space in border towns from the perspective of geo-economics will be concluded, thus putting forward the policy recommendations. By revealing the evolution characteristics of industrial development space for border towns, different with that of the coastal and inland towns, the project will enrich the research on urban industrial space from the perspective of geo-economics, and provide scientific insights into the opening policy of border regions.

边境城镇是重要的国家安全屏障和我国对外开放的窗口。随着“一带一路”建设的推进和全方位开放新格局的构建，边境城镇产业将迎来重要的发展机遇，同时面临巨大挑战。因此，如何促进产业及其空间有序发展成为事关边境安全保障、可持续发展的重要议题。目前，有关该话题的研究往往聚焦区域或城市尺度要素影响，宏观地缘经济和国家政策影响有待加强。本项目将综合产业地理、城市地理、地缘经济等理论，以云南瑞丽、勐腊与河口为例，运用企业图谱法、问卷与访谈、地缘政治分析、空间分析等方法，刻画边境城镇产业特征及时空演化过程，探讨中国与周边地缘经济关系变化如何影响本地和跨境企业、资本、劳动力等要素聚集及其空间效益，总结边境城镇产业发展及空间演化模式，并提出相关政策建议。本项目通过揭示有别于沿海和内陆的边境城镇产业空间演化特性，发展和丰富基于地缘经济视角的边境城镇产业空间研究，并为我国边境城镇产业发展政策制定提供科技支撑。

边境城镇是重要的国家安全屏障和我国对外开放的窗口。随着“一带一路”建设的推进和全方位开放新格局的构建，边境城镇产业将迎来重要的发展机遇，同时面临巨大挑战。因此，如何促进产业及其空间有序发展成为事关边境安全保障、可持续发展的重要议题。本项目综合产业地理、城市地理、地缘经济等理论，以云南瑞丽、勐腊等边境城镇为例，运用企业图谱法、问卷与访谈、地缘政治分析、空间分析等方法，刻画边境城镇产业特征及时空演化过程，探讨中国与周边地缘经济关系变化如何影响本地和跨境企业、资本、劳动力等要素聚集及其空间效益，总结边境城镇产业发展及空间演化模式，并提出相关政策建议。研究发现，边境城镇的产业演化总体可以分为三个阶段，改革开放至2000年为起步阶段，2001年至2010年为集聚阶段，2011年以来进入整合阶段。边境贸易、橡胶等资源型产业和旅游业作为边境城镇典型的主导产业，都经历了起步萌芽、快速发展和成熟并成为主导产业的过程。影响边境城镇产业结构演化的因素在国际尺度上有国家经济开放程度、中国-东盟经济联系、双边关系、及东道国营商环境等，在国家尺度上主要是政策扶持，在地方尺度上包括资金投入、基础设施、经济发展水平、人民收入水平和城镇化水平；边境城镇的产业演化受到了全球经济形势、地缘环境、我国与周边国家的关系、国家的战略和方针、地方政策以及试验区、经合区的红利等多尺度多要素的影响，嵌套在多层次的治理结构中，特别是一带一路倡议的提出为作为边境城镇的可持续发展带来了巨大的发展机遇。本研究通过揭示有别于沿海和内陆的边境城镇产业空间演化特性，发展和丰富基于地缘经济视角的边境城镇产业空间研究，并为我国边境城镇产业发展政策制定提供科技支撑。