基于超薄半导体晶体衬底的有机无机杂化异质结光伏器件的研究

Ultra-thin photovoltaic devices exhibit the advantages of lightweight, high power conversion efficiency, and novel flexibility. Currently, how to fabricate high-efficiency ultra-thin photovoltaic devices with low cost is under extensive research. This project aims to fabricate high-efficiency hybrid heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on ultra-thin inorganic semiconductor substrates and organic materials. First, copiously exfoliating thin layers of semiconductor films from crystalline substrates, such as Si, Ge and GaAs, by depositing metal films and subsequent annealing process, and rationally controlling the substrate thickness and morphology. Second, employing physical or chemical methods to effectively passivate the surfaces of exfoliated ultra-thin semiconductor substrates to reduce the surface recombination velocity of charge carriers. Third, depositing organic thin films on exfoliated semiconductor substrates by solution processed methods to avoid the substrate damage induced by high-temperature processing, constructing organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaic devices, discussing the effect of interface properties on charge transport and charge recombination. In this project, mechanically exfoliated ultra-thin semiconductor substrates are used to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunction photovoltaic devices to exploit new device structures and device physics, providing scientific support and theoretical guidance for low-cost and high-performance photovoltaic devices based on ultra-thin semiconductor substrates.

超薄光伏器件具有重量轻、光电转化效率高、可弯折等优点。使用低成本方法制备高效率的超薄光伏器件是光伏领域的研究热点之一。本项目拟通过以下途径实现基于超薄无机半导体衬底和有机光电材料的高效杂化异质结光伏器件：①使用沉积金属薄膜并退火产生应力的方法从同一硅、锗、砷化镓等单晶厚衬底上重复剥离多层超薄半导体薄膜，实现对膜厚和形貌的有效调控；②使用物理或化学处理方法对超薄半导体衬底表面进行有效钝化，降低载流子的表面复合速率；③为避免高温工艺对超薄半导体衬底的损伤，使用溶液加工方法在衬底上沉积有机光电薄膜，构建光伏器件，讨论界面性质对光生载流子传输、复合产生的影响。本项目拟使用应力剥离方法得到的超薄半导体薄膜作为衬底构建有机-无机杂化异质结光伏器件，探索新的器件结构和物理机制，为提高超薄光伏器件光电转化效率、降低发电成本提供科学依据和理论指导。

新型太阳能电池是当前能源领域的研究热点之一，具有重量轻、光电转化效率高、可弯折等优点。使用低成本方法制备高效率的超薄光伏器件是光伏领域的研究热点之一。本项目通过使用物理或化学处理方法对超薄半导体衬底表面进行有效钝化，降低载流子的表面复合速率；为避免高温工艺对超薄半导体衬底的损伤，使用溶液加工方法在衬底上沉积有机光电薄膜，构建光伏器件，讨论界面性质对光生载流子传输、复合产生的影响。制备了具有不同种类、形貌、掺杂等特性的二维层状纳米光电材料，与纳米硅材料形成具有优良光伏响应的异质结结构。课题实施中，通过调节有机材料的特性，提高有机材料和纳米硅之间所形成的异质结光伏效应，实现具有有机-无机核壳结构的杂化光伏器件制备，深入分析了有机光电材料与硅纳米结构所形成的异质结中载流子的产生、传输和复合等物理机制，制备了高效有机-无机杂化异质结光伏器件。课题实施中，为提高器件的光伏性能，使用了大量共轭高分子聚合物和有机小分子材料作为光电活性层和传输层，筛选出与纳米硅材料光电性质匹配的有机光电材料，提高了有机-无机杂化光伏器件的光电转化效率。本项目构建了一系列有机-无机杂化异质结光伏器件，探索新的器件结构和物理机制，为提高超薄光伏器件光电转化效率、降低发电成本提供科学依据和理论指导。