深海环境下环氧系防腐涂层失效机制及寿命评价方法研究

Extensive exploration of deep ocean resources and increase of martial demands are greatly hindered by the unique and special conditions in deep ocean environments, including relatively low temperatures, diverse dissolved oxygen levels, and high hydrostatic pressure. The use of organic coatings is one of the most important methods for materials corrosion protection in marine environments. From the foregoing, successful application of coatings for corrosion protection in deep ocean environments requires in-depth knowledge and understanding of the effect of high hydrostatic pressures on coating stability and general performance. However, at present, the studies of organic coating in the deep ocean have not received much attention. The study analysis the failure of epoxy organic coating in deep ocean environments compared with that under atmospheric pressure, using impedance measurements, gravimetric testing, adhesion testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and so on. The failure mechanism is planning to be set up, and the environmental factors leading to the failure of organic coating and inner factors of organic coating during failure will be cleared, as the theoretical bases guiding on investigating new organic coatings. The in-situ electrochemical testing techniques will be assured based EIS measurements according to the failure mechanism. The theoretical lifetime prediction equation will be set up based mathematics methods according to the failure mechanism. The study is meaningful to the investigation of future organic protection coating using in the deep ocean and the in-situ testing technologies and lifetime prediction using on the organic coating in the deep ocean in the future.

未来基于经济、军事等领域的需求我国将向海洋环境全面发展。但目前深海环境下有机防护涂层研究甚少，许多基础问题亟待解决。本项目利用多种测试手段，从有机涂层界面问题入手，针对深海环境下，有机防护涂层的基础性问题进行深入、系统的自主研究。从涂层多种服役性能测试、界面信息实时观测、失效形态全面掌握等方面，深入探讨深海环境下有机涂层的界面失效机制，为深海环境用有机涂层的设计、制备提供理论和技术基础。在失效机制研究基础上开发电化学涂层性能测试技术，及基于失效机制建立全面理论寿命预测数学模型，为我国深海环境条件下涂层的现场监、检测技术开发及涂层服役寿命预测提供设计依据和技术支持。

我国已明确提出“走向深海大洋”的战略目标，海洋已成为我国军事、经济的战略要地。海洋环境十分复杂、苛刻，但随着我国海洋事业“远洋化、深海化”的发展，前期对浅海环境下材料腐蚀防护研究已不能满足需求，深海极端苛刻环境下涂层材料失效问题的最大特点就是失效机制不清楚、缺乏评价及寿命预测手段。在国家自然基金委支持下，本项目四年来围绕该科学问题进行了详细研究，已发表国际SCI学术论文14篇，国内核心期刊中文文章3篇，申请发明专利4项。项目研究揭示深海环境中交变压力为有机涂层最主要的环境作用因素。交变压力通过破坏涂层/金属、颜填料/基料树脂两大界面，导致涂层失效。建立涂层致密性、附着力、强韧性与涂层寿命量化的数学关系方程，在此基础上建立整体理论寿命预测模型，该模型对现役涂层实现了精确寿命预测。项目的顺利完成对深海环境下有机防护涂层的理论设计提供了科学理念及基础数据。