父母严厉管教对流动儿童焦虑的影响及其生理、认知与情感机制

Anxiety is a common psychological adjustment problem among migrant children. Investigating the effects of parental harsh discipline on migrant children’s anxiety and the mechanisms underlying the effects represents an important topic for present and future research on child anxiety. Although previous research has explored the relations between parental harsh discipline and child anxiety, research examining the mechanisms of the relations is still rare, especially for the Chinese migrant children. By using data from questionnires, behavioral tests, and salivary cortisol testing, the current study will examine and compare the effects of parental harsh discipline on migrant and non-migrant children’s anxiety and the potential physiological, cognitive, and emotional mechanisms. In specific, the goals of this study were to examine: (1) the longitudinal relations between parental harsh discipline and migrant and non-migrant children’s anxiety; (2) the potential moderating roles of children’s salivary cortisol, perceived appropriateness of parental harsh discipline, and parental warmth in the longitudinal relations between parental harsh discipline and migrant and non-migrant children’s anxiety. The proposed research will provide valuable information for understanding the causes of child anxiety and constructing anxiety-formation models, and may have important implications for the practical intervention of anxiety problems in migrant children.

焦虑是流动儿童常见的一种心理适应问题。探讨流动儿童焦虑的影响因素及作用机制是当前焦虑领域的重要前沿课题。虽然近年来已有研究考察了父母严厉管教与儿童焦虑的关系，但却少有研究对二者间关系的具体作用机制进行充分探讨，更鲜见基于中国流动儿童群体的研究。本项目结合问卷调查法、行为实验法和唾液皮质醇检测法，采用纵向研究设计，考察并比较父母严厉管教对流动和非流动儿童焦虑的影响及其生理、认知和情感机制。研究的主要问题包括：(1)父母严厉管教与流动和非流动儿童焦虑的纵向关系；(2)儿童唾液皮质醇水平、儿童合理性感知、父母温暖在父母严厉管教对流动与非流动儿童焦虑的影响中所起的作用。研究结果不仅可以丰富儿童焦虑成因的理论研究，提出流动儿童焦虑形成的创新性理论模型，而且对于流动儿童焦虑的预防和干预工作具有重要的实践意义。

焦虑是流动儿童常见的一种心理适应问题。探讨流动儿童焦虑的影响因素及作用机制是当前焦虑领域的重要前沿课题。虽然近年来已有研究考察了父母严厉管教与儿童焦虑的关系，但却少有研究对二者间关系的具体作用机制进行充分探讨，更鲜见基于中国流动儿童群体的研究。本项目结合问卷调查法和唾液皮质醇检测法，采用连续三年（间隔半年）的纵向研究设计，考察并比较了父母严厉管教对流动和非流动儿童焦虑的影响及其生理、认知和情感机制。研究结果发现：(1)父母心理攻击和体罚与非流动儿童焦虑各维度之间均呈显著正相关。对于流动儿童而言，父母体罚均不能显著预测流动儿童焦虑。然而，母亲（而非父亲）的心理攻击能显著预测男孩的焦虑。（2）儿童的上午和下午皮质醇基线水平及皮质醇一日变化在父母体罚与儿童焦虑关系中起调节作用。具体而言，低上午和下午基线皮质醇水平加剧了父亲体罚与儿童焦虑的关系，而较为平坦的皮质醇一日节律加剧了父亲和母亲体罚与儿童焦虑的关系。（3）儿童青少年对父母严厉管教的合理性感知能显著调节父母严厉管教对儿童外化问题行为的影响。具体而言，儿童对父母体罚的合理性感知加剧了父母体罚对儿童外化问题行为的影响。（4）父母温暖调节了父母严厉管教与儿童焦虑的关系，调节作用因父母性别和子女性别而异。具体而言，母亲的温暖加剧了父亲体罚与女孩焦虑之间的关系。本项目在一定程度上丰富了儿童焦虑成因的理论研究，创新了流动儿童焦虑形成的理论模型，而且对于流动儿童焦虑的预防和干预工作具有重要的实践意义。