新型"自燃"离子液体推进剂的合成及点火性能研究

Against the background of exploring green liquid rocket bipropellants, the aim of this project is to develop novel hypergolic ionic liquids and to investigate their iginition properties and performance in the liquid bipropellants. Through the rational design and proper pairing of organic cations and anions,two class of novel ionic liquids materials, i.e., piperazinium-based ionic liquids and enamine-based ionic liquids, will be designed and synthesized. The emphases is to study the correlations of ionic liquid structure with their properties and performance and to investigate the spontaneous ignition behaviour between ionic liquids and strong oxidizers.By virtue of structural and property optimization,some ionic liquids with excellent integrated performance will be obtained.Moreover,with the aim of obtaining a further understanding of the relationships between structure,energy density and ignition property,the oxidation-reduction reaction between ionic liquids and oxidizers will be studied, while the mechanism of spontaneous combustion will be explored, which can provide the basis for developing high-performance green rocket propellants.This study has important significance for promoting the cross-comprehension between green liquid propellant materials and ionic liquids,the enrichment of the intension of material science and the development of novel green high-performance liquid propellant materials.

以发展绿色双组元液体火箭推进剂为背景，本项目拟开展"自燃"离子液体的合成及其在双组元液体推进剂中的点火性能研究。通过对阴阳离子骨架结构的合理设计及搭配，发展两类结构新颖的哌嗪类和烯胺类离子液体材料；重点研究离子液体结构与性质、性能之间的内在关系和规律，考察离子液体与强氧化剂之间的自发点火行为，实现高效"自燃"离子液体推进剂的结构筛选和性能优化，获得最优的离子液体体系。研究离子液体与强氧化剂之间的快速氧化还原反应，探索离子液体的自燃机理，从深层次上揭示离子液体结构与能量密度、点火性能之间的内在关系，为下一步发展高效的"自燃"离子液体推进剂奠定基础。该研究对于推动绿色液体推进剂材料和离子液体材料研究的交叉融合、丰富材料科学技术内涵、发展新型绿色高性能液体推进剂材料等具有重要意义。

开发新型的高能低毒推进剂燃料代替现有剧毒的肼类燃料已成为未来液体火箭推进剂的重要发展方向之一。本项目通过选择富氢或富电子的硼烷类离子液体来赋予离子液体的自发点火特性，同时通过构建烯胺结构或哌嗪阳离子结构，引入化学活泼基团（如富电子的烯丙基、富氮的叠氮基、胺基等）来提高有机阳离子的“化学活性”，从而达到进一步缩短点火延迟时间的目的。同时，通过不同官能团的引入或对阳离子的结构修饰等手段可对离子液体的能量（爆速、爆压）、感度、及其它物化性质（如粘度、热稳定性等）进行有效改进，并进而改进点火性能从而实现整体提升离子液体综合性能的目的。本项目研究通过对阴、阳离子结构进行“含能化”和“自燃化”设计并合理搭配，发展了上百种结构新颖的“自燃”离子液体材料，研究项目按计划顺利实施，并全面完成了项目计划预定的研究目标，具体包括：.1) 合成了九大类、上百种结构新颖、点火延迟时间短，综合性能优异的“自燃”离子液体，完成结构鉴定、纯度表征和性能研究。.2) 归纳总结了获得的新型“自燃”离子液体结构与性质、性能之间的关系和规律，成功筛选出多种综合性能优良的自燃型离子液体材料。.3) 阐明了离子液体的自燃机理，获得结构与点火性能之间的关系，为下一步发展更加高效的“自燃”离子液体材料奠定了基础。