宁夏生态移民活动空间构建过程及机理研究

Ecological immigration is an important means in China to coordinat the man-land relationship in limited-developing regions, optimize the population spatial distribution, improve people's livelihood, realize eco-environment protection and to promote regional economic development. Based on individual interviews,target individual tracking survey and individual activity log data,the spatial activities of the ecological migration were recorded since they were settled in,and the spatial analysis model was set up by spacial representation on GIS. The forming,stabilization,evolution featur and dominate infactors of their productive activities space such as farming, work, business,ect.and living activity space such as consumption, leisure, marriage,ect. were analized. The adapting to new environment, settlement stabilization, the prcess and method of constructing new activity space were discussed, and the laws of Ningxia ecological migration activity space reconstruction and optimizing experience were conclueded. The study also include:the process and mode of Ningxia eco-migrant population activity space reconstruction; the expansion and optimization effects of Ningxia Ecological Immigrant Project on immigration's activity space; the theoretical interpreting and pattern improvement of Ecological Immigrant Project and construction of new countryside from the aspects of activity space reconstruction and behavioral environment optimization. This study has an important theoretical significance and application value in further analysis of regional spatial effect of ecological immigration, and evaluation and guidance of a new-round ecological immigrant project.

生态移民是我国协调限制开发生态区人地关系，优化人口空间布局，改善民生，实现生态环境保护和促进区域经济发展的重要手段。本研究以个体访谈、目标个体跟踪调查和个人活动日志数据为基础,对宁夏生态移民人群迁入安置地后的活动空间进行记录,用地理信息系统技术为手段进行空间再现，建立空间分析模型,对生态移民日常生活空间和生产活动空间的重构进行研究。探究宁夏生态移民人群活动空间的重构过程和重构模式，评价宁夏生态移民工程对移民的活动空间的拓展与优化作用，从活动空间重构和行为环境优化方面对生态移民工程迁入地农村新聚落建设进行理论阐释和模式改进的探索。 本研究对深入分析生态移民的区域空间效应，评价和指导新一轮生态移民工程具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

生态移民是我国协调限制开发生态区人地关系，优化人口空间布局，改善民生，实现生态环境保护和促进区域经济发展的重要手段。本研究以个体访谈、目标个体跟踪调查和个人手机记录活动轨迹数据为基础。应用时空间地理信息系统的方法对生态移民活动空间进行研究，分析活动热点在一天内的变化和一年内变化，探究其形成原因；利用边界法和质心偏移法，研究宁夏生态移民生产活动空间扩展与位移，探究其运动机理；利用地理探测器分析宁夏生态移民满意度的空间差异性以及影响心理感受的主导因子和影响力；运用模糊评价的方法对迁出区和迁入区进行生活适应性评价，进而定量化评价宁夏生态移民工程对移民活动空间改善的程度。. 经过研究主要有以下结论：1.在移民村内，活动热点主要有广场、市场、村委会、小买部、棋牌室、卫生站等，日变化明显，年变化不明显。农村人喜好扎堆聊天交流的习惯得到延续；2.生态移民收入主要靠非农产业，外出打工是主要生产生性活动，10年来，宁夏生态移民生产性活动空间面积变化不大，生产性活动空间质心从陕西中南部移至宁夏盐池，向西北方向移动了361公里，说明随着我国东南沿海产业升级，劳动密集型产业向内地和西北转移，宁夏生态移民打工向宁夏、内蒙、新疆一带转移；3.利用地理探测器检测出宁夏生态移民的满意度具有空间差异性，影响其满意度的主导因子主要有：迁移时长、耕地、基础设施、距离城市远近、家庭因素、个人因素、政府补贴等；4.通过评价得知，宁夏生态移民县际移民活动空间改善比县内移民分值高，区位条件、村内基础设施条件的改善是生态移民活动空间改善的主导因子。. 本研究对深入分析生态移民的区域空间效应，评价和指导新一轮生态移民工程具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。