新疆天山地区典型湖泊沉积记录的重金属污染历史及源区解析研究

Ecological system in arid land showed the strong vulnerability under the influences of human activities. Comprehensive evaluations of the historical process under the current state of social economic development have great significances for protection the ecological safety and maintenance of sustainable development in arid area of society. In the course of anthropogenic influences on natural ecosystem, heavy metal pollution has become the focus of attention, due to the important ecological dangers of strong interference on environmental security. The Tianshan Mountains are the typical geomorphic system and one of most principal regions in Xinjiang. In this application, in order to track the historical process of heavy metal pollution and its influences factors of the Tianshan Mountains region, lacustrine sediments from two typical lakes, Bosten Lake in Tianshan Southern Slope Industrial Zone and Ebinur Lake in Tianshan Northern Slope Economic Zone of Xinjiang, China. The sequential extraction method will be used to gain the concentrations of sediment-bond heavy metals in six fraction, i.e., soluble, exchangeable, bond to carbonates, bound to Fe-Mn oxides, bond to organic matter and the residual. With the 210Pb and 137Cs dating, the historical process of heavy metals in different chemical fractious of sediments will be conducted. With the comparison of environmental proxies from lake records and the concentrations of sediment-bond heavy metals in different fraction, the influencing factors for heavy metal pollution in Tianshan Mountain regions will be revealed. With the establishing a source apportionment model, the proportions from different source regions of heavy metals in lake sediment will be quantitatively calculated. Finally, the mechanism of heavy metal pollution will be illustrated under the disturbance of nature and human influence, which will help to provide a scientific basis for evolution the current state of social and economic development and the future trend of ecological environment change in the future context.

在人类活动强烈干扰自然过程中，重金属污染因其显著的生态危害性已成为当前关注的热点。评价当前及未来社会发展情境下重金属污染过程，对保障区域生态安全，维护社会可持续发展具有重要的意义。本项目选择位于新疆天山北坡的艾比湖和南坡的博斯腾湖沉积物中不同赋存状态下重金属含量及相关环境指标为对象，结合文献记载的人文历史、自然环境事件等资料，研究影响天山地区典型湖泊沉积物中重金属元素富集及赋存形态的各种因素。通过化学质量平衡法等受体模型、数理统计学方法和同位素示踪等源解析手段的耦合，并结合流域地表分析数据进行验证，构建适用于天山地区湖泊沉积物重金属污染的区域源区解析模型，并对沉积物中重金属各污染源贡献量进行定量评估。通过时间和空间上的对比，分析人类活动和自然因素相互作用下天山不同地区重金属污染的响应特征，揭示当前发展状态下湖泊沉积物中重金属污染的历史，为预测未来社会发展情境下流域环境的发展趋势提供依据。

在人类活动强烈干扰自然过程中，重金属污染因其显著的生态危害性已成为当前关注的热点。评价当前及未来社会发展情境下重金属污染过程，对保障区域生态安全，维护社会可持续发展具有重要的意义。.本项目选择位于新疆天山北坡的艾比湖、柴窝堡湖和南坡的博斯腾湖沉积物中重金属为研究对象，通过分析其含量及相关环境指标，结合文献记载的人文历史、自然环境事件等资料，研究影响天山地区典型湖泊沉积物中重金属元素富集的各种因素及其变化规律。通过揭示近百年来博斯腾湖流域元素地球化学的演变历史，反映气候变化和人类活动的影响，丰富天山湖泊生态环境数据库，为湖泊生态环境保护提供科学参考。.取得主要进展：1）以艾比湖流域表土元素及艾比湖沉积物中的元素为主要研究对象，利用数理统计分析、半方差函数模型和潜在生态风险指数等方法分析了艾比湖流域表土元素的空间异质性和影响因素以及重金属污染现状；通过富集系数校正法、有序聚类分析法等分析沉积物中元素地球化学特征，揭示艾比湖流域环境演化规律。2）以博斯腾湖沉积物元素为研究对象，利用数理统计方法、经典地统计学方法、半方差函数模型、标准化方法等建立了博斯腾湖流域的重金属元素地球化学基线值；通过有序聚类分析、地球化学校正、综合污染指数法分析了沉积物元素地球化学特征。3）以柴窝堡湖沉积物元素为研究对象，结合数理统计学方法研究了过去一个世纪以来人类活动和气候变化背景下元素地球化学特征及演化规律。.在项目的支持下，通过对新疆天山地区典型湖泊沉积记录的重金属污染历史及源区解析研究，合作发表论文7篇，其中SCI论文4篇，CSCD论文3篇。协助培养研究生2名。