量子保密两方比较相等问题及其扩展问题的研究

The problem for private comparison of equality has become a hotspot in the field of information security. The solutions of this problem has a broad application prospect and can be used as a basic protocol of the online auction system, electronic voting system and identity authentication system. In this project, two kinds of quantum private two-party comparison protocol in ideal condition are proposed. The differences of new designed protocols and the existing research results are anaylzed. And the protocol of quantum private multi-party comparison are given. These protocols are based on the description framework, which used the four-tuple and the binary tree to describe the static and dynamic characteristics of various quantum states. Based on the analysis of the existing protocol against noise and the existing quantum private comparison protocol in ideal condition, the quantum private comparison protocols against noise are proposed. The security and privacy of these protocols can be analyzed from the view of the attackers including the outside attackers and participant attackers. In this project, new quantum private comparison protocols are proposed based on the description framework of quantum states and integrated model of anti-noise schemes. This project can provide new ideas and new theoretical base in the further research of secure multi-party (two-party) computation.

保密两方比较相等问题已成为目前信息安全领域研究的热点，该类问题的解决方案可以作为网上拍卖、电子选举、身份认证等应用系统的基本协议，有着广阔的应用前景。本课题采用四元组和二叉树方式建立各类量子态的静态特性和动态特性的描述框架，设计两类基于包含不同数目粒子的量子态的无噪声环境下保密两方比较相等协议，给出将新设计的协议与现有研究成果的进行比较分析的角度；设计无噪环境下的量子保密两方扩展问题——量子保密多方比较相等问题的解决方案。采用通过对现有抗噪方案的分析，结合已有的理想无噪声环境下的协议，设计噪声环境下的量子保密两方比较相等协议。最后从攻击者角度出发，将内部攻击者分析法和外部攻击分析者法结合起来分析保密两方比较相等协议的保密性和安全性。课题从协议优化角度提出新的无噪环境下和有噪声环境下的保密两方(多方)比较相等协议，为保密多方（两方）计算的进一步研究与应用提供新思路和理论依据。

保密两方比较相等问题已成为目前信息安全领域研究的热点，该类问题的解决方案可以作为网上拍卖、电子选举、身份认证等应用系统的基本协议，有着广阔的应用前景。本课题主要围绕量子保密比较协议的设计、量子保密计算协议的设计、关键字提取算法、优化算法等方面展开研究，取得的主要研究成果包括：（1）提出了一个基于极化和空间型自由度单粒子的具有动态性的量子保密多方比较协议；（2）设计了基于量子BELL态的保密多方加法计算协议；(3)设计了基于量子可交换加密函数的动态保密多方加法运算协议；（4）关键字提取算法研究；（5）协议优化算法研究及APT攻击。