This study is on the basis of gene sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI) of the puffer fish. The project studies COIgene variation regularity and genetic distance threshold in intergeneric, interspecific and intraspecific among wild puffer fish or cultured puffer fish, using immunology, taxonomy, molecular biology and molecular systematics. The research explores the relativity between genetic distance and the tetrodotoxin level in interspecific puffer fish and clarifies the hereditary basis of the tetrodotoxin level difference among the puffer fish species. DNA barcode identification system was developed, which can identify the species of puffer fish using body fragments with accurately, sensitively and effectively, after improving sample DNA extraction methods, optimizing the PCR reaction systems, constructing puffer fish gene database and building genetic distance model. The standardization and digitization of the puffer fish identification process were achieved with the DNA barcode system. It breaks through the traditional taxonomy drawback that over-reliance on experts and experience and solves the limitations of taxonomic identification. The DNA barcode system can be used to supervise the puffer fish in the market, to prevent the puffer fish poisoning, to traceability analysis and etiology judgment after the poisoning incident.
本研究在获取我国常见河鲀鱼线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列的基础上,采用免疫学、分类学、分子生物学和分子系统学的研究方法,对河鲀鱼COI基因在属间、种间及种内的变异规律及遗传距离进行研究,探讨河鲀鱼种间遗传距离与河鲀毒素在鱼种间分布差异的相关性。通过对河鲀鱼样品DNA提取方法的改良、PCR反应体系的优化、河鲀鱼基因数据库的构建及遗传距离模型的建立,发展河鲀鱼DNA条形码鉴定系统,利用河鲀鱼的机体残片对鱼种进行准确、灵敏、有效的鉴定,实现鉴定过程标准化和数字化,突破传统分类学对专家及经验的过度依赖,解决河鲀鱼分类学鉴定的局限性,为河鲀监管、预防河鲀中毒以及在中毒事件发生后及时对样品进行鉴定、溯源分析及病因判断提供技术支持。
河鲀鱼是我国沿海地区传统美食,但是部分河鲀鱼有剧毒,误食可引起中毒。有毒河鲀鱼经过加工失去原有形态学特征,混入其它鱼种销售,造成潜在危害。河鲀中毒已成为我国食物中毒主要原因之一。形态学鉴定无法满足失去外形特征的有毒河鲀鱼种及中毒样品的鉴定,因此开展了河鲀鱼DNA条形码鉴定研究。. 总共采集河鲀鱼85尾,经形态学鉴定属于东方鲀属(11种)和兔头鲀属(3种),通过测序获取线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因序列,构建了河鲀鱼COⅠ基因数据库。建立了河鲀鱼DNA条形码鉴定方法,开展了河鲀鱼鱼种鉴定。对河鲀鱼COⅠ基因多样性进行研究,计算河鲀鱼属间、属内种间及种内遗传距离,构建了基于距离模型的邻接树和最大简约模型的MP树,评估两种建树模型对鱼种鉴定的影响。建立了河鲀毒素(TTX)检测方法,形成国家标准。检测不同河鲀鱼鱼种以及同一鱼种不同部位TTX含量,并结合鱼种间遗传距离分析了鱼种间TTX差异与遗传距离的相关性。. 河鲀鱼属间遗传距离0.120-0.184,属内种间遗传距离0.032-0.121。东方鲀种内遗传距离为0-0.0039,兔头鲀种内遗传距离为0-0.0024。种间遗传距离为种内遗传距离10倍以上,并且种间最小遗传距离大于0.02。研究表明河鲀鱼鱼种在系统发育上为单系群落,因此COⅠ可用于河鲀鱼鱼种鉴定。河鲀鱼体内TTX含量与鱼种具有相关性。虫纹东方鲀、菊黄东方鲀和月尾兔头鲀内脏及肌肉中TTX含量较多,属于有毒品种;红鳍东方鲀、暗纹东方鲀和棕斑兔头鲀内脏及肌肉中TTX含量较少,属于无毒品种。同一种河鲀鱼不同部位间TTX含量差异较大,肝脏和性腺中毒素含量高,肌肉中毒素含量低。河鲀鱼鱼种间毒素含量水平与遗传距离没有相关性。. DNA条形码鉴定系统可利用有机体残片进行快速有效的鱼种鉴定,使鉴定过程实现标准化和数字化,解决了河鲀鱼形态学鉴定的局限性,为预防和控制河鲀中毒提供技术支撑。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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