演变中的现代城市道路交通系统集成设计基础理论与方法

This project focuses on integrated optimal design method for modern urban traffic system which is undergoing transition from low density and non-motorization to high density and motorization. Four critical parts listed below are included: 1) Fundamental theories for coordinated design of urban road network and traffic system. Extensive research will be conducted on revealing the interaction between characteristics of traffic infrastructure, driving environment and traffic flows of non-motorized vehicles and motor vehicles. The impact of those factors on traffic safety, mobility, fuel consumption and air emission will also be studied. The novel theories and methods for design of new roads and ameliorate of old roads will also be developed based on constraints of capacity matching and consideration of operation condition and active traffic safety; 2) Integrated optimization theories for traffic planning and traffic design. Fundamental relationship of factors which have impacts on traffic planning and traffic design will be analyzed. Optimization methods for design of road network structure, section and red line of roads, distance between intersections, exclusive bus lanes, design traffic volume and velocity will also be studied. 3) Integrated optimization theories and methods for traffic design of road network. A set of multiple objectives based methods will be developed based on considerations of multiple factors including characteristics of network and nodes, continuous traffic flow and interrupt traffic flow, intersection groups, transit system priority, multiple mode traffic, temporal and spatial resources allocation, statistic and dynamic demand, efficiency and safety. 4) Mulit-objective based methods for evaluation of traffic design methods and plans. Evaluation theories and methods will be built for comprehensive evaluation of traffic design in terms of mobility, safety, environment friendly and services. This study is a novel and initiative research in traffic engineering area. The results of this study are valuable and will provide a set of promising methods to make full use of limited resources, improve level of services of traffic system and alleviate traffic congestion of urban cities.

项目针对低密度向高密度、非机动化向机动化演变的现代城市道路交通系统集成优化设计基础问题展开研究，重点：1）城市道路与交通协同设计基础问题，揭示设施条件和行驶环境与机动/非机动交通流间关系，及其对通畅、安全、节能减排的作用机制，提出新建和改建道路的供需耦合与环境约束、通行能力匹配、行驶工况平顺、主动安全及其协同设计理论；2）城市交通系统规划与设计协同理论，研究规划与设计条件转化基础问题，提出确定典型路网结构、断面与红线、交叉口间距、公交专用道、设计交通量与速度的理论及方法；3）城市道路交通系统集成设计方法，基于多目标的路网与节点、连续与间断流、交叉口群、公交优先、机动与非机动交通、时空与动静、安全与效率集成设计方法；4）交通设计多目标评价理论与方法，建立集通畅、安全、环境与服务一体化评价理论和方法。成果对于交通工程科学体系具有自主创新性，对于快速机动化中交通改善重大需求具有重要的实用价值。

现代城市道路交通系统正经历低密度向高密度、非机动化向机动化的演变过程，既有交通系统与设施面临重构以支撑城市发展，亟需科学的优化与集成设计理论与方法。本项目的主要研究内容及成果包括：1）建立城市道路与交通协同设计理论。解析了系统要素及其组合作用下交通流特征和演变规律，刻画了不同设计和运行环境下混合交通的相互作用关系，提出了不同运行环境和设施条件下城市道路的通行能力计算方法，从而在考虑多模式交通需求及其特征的基础上，实现道路网络及节点的精准设计。2）建立城市交通系统规划与设计协同理论。提出了集成规划目标条件下的道路网络优化设计方法，揭示了道路网络密度（间距）与出行效率关系，确定了多方式交通需求与设计参数确定的理论与方法，从而实现城市交通系统规划与设计的协同。3）建立交通设计多目标评价理论与方法。提出了基于成本-效益分析的多目标综合评价理论与方法，基于熵值法和逼近理想解法的多目标综合评价及排序方法，及基于驾驶模拟的交通集成设计评价方法。依托本项目，发表论文103篇（SCI/SSCI检索38篇、EI检索36篇），完成专著《交通设计》一部（作为国家“十二五”规划教材待出版）；培养国家自然科学基金优秀青年获得者2人，省部级领军人才1人，获得省部级科技进步一等奖1项，二等奖1项；获授权专利16项；举办国际（国内）学术会议5次；技术成果已广泛应用于济南等全国60多个城市。通过上述研究成果，本项目创造性地建立“交通系统集成设计基础理论和方法”体系；协同地发展城市交通规划、设计与管理理论；完善我国交通工程科学创新体系，对交通工程学科的发展产生了重要的作用。