纳米结构聚吡咯的脉冲合成、结构调控和储能性能研究

Extensively application of renewable energy is an inevitable choice due to energy crisis, pollution and global warming at present, which endows the research of highly effective energy storage materials with strategic importance. The development of green electrode materials with high performance for supercapacitors is one of key techniques with great perspective. Electronically conducting polymers (ECPs), a kind of potential electrode materials, have their own various advantages, however, it is difficult to compose ultra-fast charging/discharging ability, high specific capacitance and long cycling life in one. In this study, a pulse-depositing and template-free electrochemical method is applied to synthesize nanostructured "horn-like" polypyrrole (h-PPy) to address this issue. Systematical research will be carried out on the formation mechanism and controllable growth dynamics of this novel structure, the influence of pulse-deposition upon PPy molecular chain structure and their effect on energy storage performance. An electrons/ions transport model in charging/discharging process is to be built, and the dynamic response characteristics of nanostructured electrode are to be explored, and the key factors to cycling stability of polymer electrodes are to be revealed. The achievement can not only enrich the theories on the synthesis, structure, and performance of nanostructured materials, but also lay the foundation for supercapacitors with high energy density, high power density and long cycling life, promoting the development of high performance energy storage devices and system.

为缓解能源危机、环境污染和气候恶化，可再生能源的大规模应用势在必行，将高效储能材料研究提升到重要的战略高度，超级电容器的高性能绿色电极材料研制是一项有重大前景的核心支撑技术。导电聚合物各具优点，是一类潜在的电极材料，但具有难以获得兼具超快放电速率、高面积比容量和长寿命性能的缺陷。本项目拟通过电化学脉冲"无模板"法合成纳米结构的"羊角状"聚吡咯来攻克这一难题。将系统研究"羊角"纳米结构的形成机理和可控生长动力学，探索电化学脉冲合成对聚吡咯分子链结构的影响机制，研究纳米结构和分子链结构对聚吡咯储能性能的作用原理，建立充放电时电子/离子的传输模型，研究纳米结构电极的动态响应特性，揭示影响聚合物电极循环寿命的关键因素。本项目成果不仅能够充实纳米结构材料的合成、结构与性能的理论体系，而且可以为实现高能量密度、高功率密度和长寿命的超级电容器奠定基础，推动高效电能储存器件与系统的发展。

采用脉冲电位法合成了微/纳结构的“羊角状”聚吡咯（h-PPy），通过脉冲参数调控了“羊角”微纳结构的尺度、表面分布和开口状态，设计了利用重力协助生长h-PPy的实验并分析了其相关机理，通过h-PPy基摩擦纳米发电机的脉冲输出，实现了微/纳结构聚吡咯的自驱动电化学合成，基本阐明h-PPy的微/纳结构和分子链结构与电化学储能性能之间的关系，大幅度提高了PPy电极材料的储能性能，制备了具有高质量比容量，快速充放电性能和高循环稳定性的超级电容器。本项目发表研究论文21篇，其中影响因子大于10的期刊4篇。本项目培养博士研究生4名（毕业2名，在读2名），硕士研究生5名（毕业3名，在读2名）。