Acrylamide (AA) is a potential carcinogen in foods. Maillard reaction was proposed as a main pathway to form AA. Nowadays,how to find an effective way to inhibit its formation is becoming a research hotpot. The previous results showed that concentrations of AA could be reduced by addition of pectin effectively, while the mechanism is not clear. At pH 5-7 pectin can be degraded through β-elimination, de-esterification and hydrolysis, which are possible to participate into the Maillard reaction. Therefore, the key scientific issue in this project is the mechanism for the inhibition of AA formation by the thermal degradation of pectin. Several model reaction systems will be build. In addition, the substrate, main intermediate and end-product will be identified and quantified during heating. We will investigate the influencing factors for inhibition of AA by the thermal degradation of pectin, and propose the reaction network to describe how the thermal degradation of pectin takes part in the Maillard reaction to inhibit AA formation, and obtain the contribution of different thermal degradation pathway of pectin to the inhibition of AA. Moreover, the kinetic analysis of different compounds will be performed, and the reaction network will be revised and validated. Based on the above results the mechanism for inhibition of acrylamide by thermal degradation of pectin will be unraveled. The results will provide the theoretical evidence for the inhibition of AA using pectin and a new way for the control of AA in food processing.
丙烯酰胺(acrylamide, AA)是广泛存在于食品中的潜在致癌物,美拉德反应被认为是热加工食品AA形成的主要途径,寻找有效的抑制AA形成的方法成为国内外研究热点。果胶能有效抑制AA的形成,但作用机理尚不明确。根据前期研究及推测,果胶在弱酸性环境(pH5-7)会发生β-消除反应、脱酯化反应及中性糖水解,其反应产物均可能影响美拉德反应进程。因此,本课题确定关键科学问题为:果胶热降解对AA形成的抑制机理。拟建立多个模式反应体系,对相关的反应底物、关键中间产物和产物进行定性定量分析,研究果胶热降解抑制AA形成的反应规律,构建果胶热降解参与的美拉德反应网络,明确各条途径对抑制AA形成的贡献,并通过动力学研究进行模型检验和修正,最终阐明果胶热降解对AA形成的抑制机理。课题将为果胶作为AA抑制剂的应用提供充足的理论依据,也为食品热加工过程中AA的控制提供新途径。
丙烯酰胺(AA)是一种广泛存在于热加工食品中的潜在致癌物。寻找有效的AA抑制方法成为国内外研究热点。果胶是存在于水果和蔬菜中的富含半乳糖醛酸的酸性多糖,常用作天然食品添加剂,其能有效抑制化学模拟体系中AA的形成,但作用机理尚不明确。因此,本项目首先检测了五类水果制品中AA含量状况,提出不同水果制品中AA含量差异可能与其富含果胶有关,因此将苹果果胶添加到天冬酰胺(Asn)/葡萄糖(Glc)模拟体系中,研究其对AA形成的影响和规律。结果表明,果胶酯化度,加热温度,pH值,果胶添加量,底物浓度和底物浓度摩尔比对抑制AA有显著影响。高酯果胶(酯化度82.6%)抑制效果最好;150℃加热90 min,1%(w/w)高酯果胶对AA的抑制率高达66.49%;而且降低了体系pH值,减少了体系中Glc的消耗量及形成AA前体物希夫碱的含量,促进了类黑精的产生。初始pH在6.0-7.2范围内,pH值越低,底物浓度越低,抑制率越高。此外,Asn/Glc摩尔浓度比为1:1,果胶添加量为0.4%(w/w)时,AA抑制率最高。果胶热处理显著降低了其pH值,分子量,酯化度和半乳糖醛酸(GalA)的含量,因此探究了果胶热降解发生β-消除、脱酯化及酸水解反应过程中的降解产物对AA形成的影响和规律。果胶脱酯化导致体系中pH值快速下降,抑制AA形成。通过飞行时间质谱法(TOF)鉴定出果胶β-消除反应的主要产物4,5-不饱和半乳糖醛酸,其在美拉德反应中可以与Glc竞争Asn抑制AA生成。此外,果胶酸水解产物GalA能促进AA的生成,且其促进效果随pH值升高而增强;相同条件下与Asn反应时,GalA比Glc具有更高的反应活性。TOF质谱鉴定出Asn/GalA体系形成的Amadori重排产物、希夫碱和唑烷-5-酮等中间体,表明GalA与Asn发生美拉德反应形成AA。本项目最终阐明了果胶热降解产物影响AA形成的作用机理,为果胶作为AA抑制剂的应用提供充足的理论依据,也为食品热加工过程中AA的控制提供新途径。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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