Tandem型染敏太阳电池p型光阴极准一维微纳结构调控

Tandem dye sensitized solar cells (TDSSCs) are the novel concept of dye sensitized solar cells with the potential high efficiency from widening their absorption spectra and heightening their open circuit voltages. An efficiently sensitized photocathode, such as sensitized p-type semiconductive NiO, is one of the most important components in the TDSSCs. In this project, a quasi 1-D micro/nano structured sensitized composite photocathode will be designed, fabricated and applied in the p-DSSCs and the TDSSCs. The composite p-type photocathode consists of the quasi 1-D micro/nano structures (such as nano rods, nano tubes, nano horns or nano cones of NiO et al) sensitized by the coumarin 343 (C343) p-type dye molecules. A D-PI-A structured p-type dye molecule will also be designed and synthesized subsequently. Generally, a quasi 1-D micro/nano structure can ensure a short carrier diffusion path length along its radial direction as well as a long optical absorption path length along its axial direction. On the other hand, the electrostatic effect of point will be expected in the horn and cone shaped NiO micro/nano structures to improve their electric charge collection. The specific surface area as well as the Uv-visible absorption of the p-type NiO photocathode will be compared when the roughening processes are carried out on the structures. A high specific surface area and a low self-absorption of the NiO photocathode will also be expected by introducing the quasi 1-D micro/nano structures into the p-DSSCs. The photovoltaic properties of the p-DSSCs and the TDSSCs (such as efficiency, FF, Voc, Jsc et al) with the optimum composite photocathode will be studied. The light harvest and the carrier transportation mechanisms in the composite photocathodes as well as in the TDSSCs will also be investigated.

新概念的叠层结构染料敏化太阳电池（Tandem Dye Sensitized Solar Cells，简称TDSSCs）可通过扩展吸收光谱、提高开路电压达到提高电池光电转换效率的目的。其中经染料敏化的p型光阴极（以NiO材料为主）是该电池的核心组件。本项目借鉴准一维微纳结构有利于提高沿轴向光吸收同时提高沿径向载流子分离的特点，并利用喇叭、圆锥状微纳结构存在的可有效聚集电荷的静电尖端效应，将准一维微纳结构（纳米棒、纳米管、纳米喇叭、纳米圆锥等）引入TDSSCs的p型半导体薄膜光阴极，经对该结构表面进行粗糙化处理，采用 p型香豆素染料敏化后，探索准一维微纳结构在提高p型光阴极的比表面积、缓解NiO光阴极的自吸收中的作用规律。设计合成含有能量吸收天线和供电子基团的p型双染料分子敏化剂，制备p-DSSCs和TDSSCs器件，研究实现提高TDSSCs光电转换效率的新途径、新材料及新方法。

本项目围绕新型太阳电池（包括Tandem型染敏太阳电池、钙钛矿太阳电池等）“光电极”、“背电极”和“微纳结构”三个关键词开展研究工作，系统深入研究了染敏太阳电池对电极、无空穴传输层型钙钛矿太阳电池背电极的微纳结构调控，在实验室内，实现了高光电转换效率、性能稳定的光伏器件。在利用卤素交换工程方法实现稳定高效的CH3NH3PbI3-xBrx钙钛矿太阳电池并开展基于叠层太阳电池应用的宽带隙有机/无机杂化钙钛矿薄膜制备及器件研究、Ni、Co的硫化物的分级纳米球结构制备及其在高稳定性染敏电池对电极的应用、由原位自生成的p型CuI界面诱导的钙钛矿太阳电池自发构型转换、以纳米多孔金作为背电极的无空穴传输层型钙钛矿太阳电池的研究、利用激光辐照技术辅助晶化CH3NH3PbI3薄膜以提高钙钛矿太阳电池开路电压的研究等方面取得重要进展与成果，在NANO ENERGY、ACS NANO、CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS、ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES、RSC ADVANCES等国际重要SCI刊物发表学术论文22篇（均第一标注61377051项目批准编号），截至2017年12月，论文的总他引为328次，受到国内外研究同行的关注与借鉴。培养毕业博士研究生6名、毕业硕士研究生2名。项目负责人于涛荣获2014年度国家自然科学奖二等奖1项（第三完成人）和2016年度江苏省科学技术奖一等奖1项（第八完成人）。