基于形态学和分子数据的环蛱蝶属系统发育研究

Identification of a species is the base for systematic study, morphological characters play an important role in identification of species due to its concreate and feasible operation in practice. However, charactors adopted in the current study of butterflies are mainly focused on adults, which lead to misidentification among the species that share similar wing pattern and genitalic features as in the genus Neptis.The project aims to study specie and subspecies of the genus Neptis. The methodology include the field surveys on adult, getting the eggs from female artificially and collecting caterpillors or eggs in wintering season, so as to gather the characters from all the developing stages including egg, larva, pupa and adult through the breeding to make revision of the genus, as well as the DNA data together to explore phylogeny of the genus by using of modern cladistic rules. The result will be helpfuf for the further study on evolution and biogeography, as well as for quick identification of Neptis speies at larval stage.

物种的正确鉴定是系统学研究的基础，形态学特征因直观易于操作而作为分类特征在物种鉴定中起到重要的作用。目前，蝴蝶的分类鉴定多依据成虫的形态特征，致使翅面斑纹相似，外生殖器差异不明显的类群分类非常混乱，环蛱蝶属Neptis就是这样一个类群。本项目以所有环蛱蝶属的种及亚种为研究对象，通过野外采集幼虫或越冬卵，或诱导成虫产卵等手段，饲养获取全部虫态的特征，结合DNA分子数据，完成分类单元的修订，剖析全虫态的进化特征，运用现代支序系统学的研究方法，重建环蛱蝶属的种间系统发育关系，提出反映该类昆虫的自然历史分类系统。其结果是开展环蛱蝶演化及生物地理学研究的前提，并有利于蝴蝶幼虫发生期的快速、准确鉴定。

环蛱蝶属 Neptis隶属于鳞翅目蛱蝶科线蛱蝶亚科，已知约170种，广泛分布于布于非洲区、澳洲区、东洋区和古北区，其中大多数的种类分布在中国。该属种类多、分布广、食性复杂，是理解蛱蝶科系统演化的关键的类群之一。本项目从世界范围内抽取了117个蛱蝶样本，涉及73个环蛱蝶种类，涵盖了欧亚及澳洲区94%的种团及非洲区的代表种，利用新一代测序方法中的序列捕获技术，选取了1个线粒体基因和88个核基因分子标记，应用最大似然法和贝叶斯推断法重建了环蛱蝶属的系统发育框架，在此基础上初步解析了该蝴蝶类群与其寄主植物的演化关系。研究结果表明环蛱蝶属为非单系群，非洲区种类形成了一单系群，并入欧亚及澳洲区类群内，结合全虫态形态特征，提出了欧亚及澳洲区环蛱蝶包含13个种团，并提出2新组合：Neptis heliodore comb. n.和Neptis amphion comb. n.，首次描述了云南环蛱蝶的幼期形态及寄主信息，揭示了环蛱蝶可取食至少32科的寄主植物，其祖先物种取食壳斗科Fagaceae和樟科Lauraceae，随后在寄主植物利用上出现多样化，端部支系表现出明显的寄主范围扩张且具有丰富的环蛱蝶物种数，支持波动假说的观点。研究结果对理解蛱蝶科系统与进化具有重要的科学意义。