多场耦合作用下水下溢油输移及转化机制研究

Oil spills in sea can cause serious damage to the marine environment, and result in a significant loss to the economy. In the past, a great deal of effort has been concentrated to the surface oil spills, whereas out knowledge of the dynamic of oil released underwater and their transport and fate under complex dynamic factors are not yet fully exhaustive. In this context, theoretical analysis and numerical methods are used in order to enhance the understanding of transport and fate of the marine oil spill, and to improve the simulation accuracy and forecast functions of the oil spill model. We first analyze and summarize the research progress on the oil spill model at domestic and foreign. Then an oil spill forecasting model considers the complex coupling effects including the effects among the ocean, wave and atmospheric will be established. In the model, the dynamic process of underwater oil spill is connected with the transport and fate processes of the oil. Using the developed model, the environmental dynamic conditions during the oil spill occurred can be well described and forecasted, and the prediction of the transport and fate of the oil spill is improved. As most of the oil accidents are caused by the extreme weather, we also study the impacts of the extreme weather on the transport and fate of the oil spills based on the established coupling model. This research can provide the scientific basis and reliable methods for the environmental planning and management of sea area, as well as for the control and govern of marine pollution.

海上溢油给海洋环境带来了严重的损害，给经济造成了重大的损失。较水面溢油而言，对复杂动力因素条件下的水下溢油动力过程及其迁移转化规律仍缺乏深入的研究。在此背景下，以增进对水下溢油迁移转化规律的认识，提高溢油模型的模拟精度及预报功能为目标，项目拟采用理论分析结合数值模拟的方法，在分析总结国内外关于溢油模型的研究进展基础上，建立一个耦合动力作用下的水下溢油预报模型，模型综合考虑了海洋、波浪、大气之间的耦合效应，将水下溢油的动力过程与溢油的输移归宿有机结合。通过该模型，能够很好地刻画及预报溢油发生期间的环境动力场，提高溢油发生后对溢油输移和归宿的预报精度。考虑到海洋溢油常由极端的天气引起，在建立的耦合模型基础上，开展极端天气过程对海上溢油输移扩散及最终归宿的影响机制研究。通过本项目的研究，将深入认识复杂环境动力条件下水下溢油的动力过程及迁移转化规律，为海域环境管理和污染治理提供科学依据和可靠手段。

随着经济的迅猛发展使得对能源的需求与日俱增，而石油作为经济乃至整个社会的“经济血液”，其重要性显得尤为突出。随着海洋石油运输业和石油开采业的发展，海上溢油事件频频发生。海上溢油给海洋环境带来了严重的损害，给经济造成了重大的损失。本项目通过建立海洋、波浪、大气之间的耦合模型并与溢油输移归宿模型相结合，使得模型能够很好地刻画及预报溢油发生期间的环境动力场，提高溢油发生后对溢油输移和归宿的预报精度。输移-归宿模块采用粒子追踪法，溢油被看成大量的油粒子，在潮流、波浪、风的作用下进行三维运动。水平扩散采用随机走动法模拟，垂向扩散通过Langeven方程进行求解。同时考虑了溢油的挥发、乳化、溶解及溢油性质的变化。采用并行的、非结构有限体积波流耦合模型提供水动力参数给输移-归宿模块，采用非结构化网格能够更好地适应复杂的地形条件。项目的研究成果可作为复杂环境动力条件下水下溢油的动力过程及迁移转化预报工具，为海域环境管理和污染治理提供科学依据和可靠手段。