面向火星探测应用的微波部件低气压电离放电过程研究

Mars exploration is a key step in China's deep space exploration program. Due to the typical low-pressure environment on the surface of Mars, the low-pressure ionization discharge effect of microwave components has become one of the most serious bottlenecks in the single-point failure of Mars spacecraft. At the same time, due to the development of spacecraft load technology in the direction of miniaturization, high power and multi-channel, the application of dielectric microwave components has become an important trend. This project intends to establish a low-pressure ionization discharge threshold fluid model of a typical microwave component in a spacecraft, analyze the charged particle collision reaction of the surface gas of Mars, and distribute the electrostatic field of the surface charge of the coupling medium, and propose a low-pressure ionization discharge analysis of the microwave component of the surface gas of Mars. In this paper, the dynamic process of low-pressure ionization discharge of microwave components in the surface gas of Mars is studied, and the key factors and internal laws affecting the ionization discharge threshold of microwave components are mastered. The basic data for plasma physics of space environment plasma is provided, which is a high-power microwave component for spacecraft. The high reliability design provides key evaluation methods and provides basic theoretical support for the smooth implementation of the national aerospace projects.

火星探测是我国深空探测计划的关键一步，由于火星表面呈现典型的低气压环境，微波部件的低气压电离放电效应成为火星探测航天器单点失效最为严重的独特瓶颈问题之一。同时由于航天器载荷技术向小型化、大功率、多通道方向发展，介质微波部件的应用成为重要趋势。本项目拟建立航天器中典型微波部件的低气压电离放电阈值流体模型，分析火星表面气体的带电粒子碰撞反应，耦合介质表面电荷积累的静电场分布，提出火星表面气体微波部件低气压电离放电分析方法，研究火星表面气体中微波部件低气压电离放电动力学过程，掌握影响微波部件电离放电阈值的关键因素和内在规律，为空间环境等离子体放电物理研究提供基础数据，为航天器大功率微波部件高可靠性设计提供关键评估方法，为国家航天重大工程的顺利实施提供基础理论支撑。

低气压放电效应是航天器微波系统在轨运行或深空探测中发生的失效效应之一。本项目通过梳理引发微波场激励下低气压放电的形成机理，建立了典型微波结构中低气压电离放电阈值流体模型，通过引入等效特征扩散长度，修正了在低气压向真空过度时的放电场强解析计算过程，提出了低气压放电阈值等效计算方法。梳理了火星表面气体的带电粒子碰撞反应，并耦合了介质表面电荷积累产生的准静电场，建立了火星表面气体中介质微波部件低气压电离放电分析方法，数值模拟了微波部件中低气压电离放电的形成过程，数值仿真的结果与实验结果趋势基本一致。开展了微波部件低气压放电动力学过程研究，分析了气体种类、气体压强、环境温度及混合气体对低气压放电阈值的影响规律，并讨论了微波场作用下，微波部件发生低气压放电和真空放电之间的联系。本项目所获得的研究成果已成功应用于航天器微波部件的低气压放电分析中，为空间微波部件的风险分析及地面试验验证提供了理论和技术支撑。