飞行器平台中高性能低RCS天线关键技术研究

With the rapid development of stealth and anti-stealth technology, the stealth performance of the aircraft platform, which is an important penetration tool in modern warfare, determines its battlefield survivability directly. Because antenna is one of the main scatterers on the aircraft platform, its stealth performance is directly linked to the stealth performance of the aircraft platform. In order to solve this urgent practical need, the design of low-RCS antenna with high radiation performance on the aircraft platform is investigated in this subject. Taking advantages of metamaterials, characteristic mode analysis and passive cancellation, the problems of in-band and wideband RCS reduction of antenna, antenna RCS reduction with large angle incident wave and the design of high-gain, low-RCS antenna will be researched. By solving the key problems of the contradiction between antenna radiation and scattering performances and the influence of the platform on antenna RCS at large angle of incident, the goal of designing the antenna with high radiation performance and low RCS simultaneously on the aircraft platform will be achieved, which will meet the demand of the modern aircraft platform for the radiation and scattering performances of the antenna.

随着隐身和反隐身技术的迅速发展，飞行器平台作为现代战争重要的突防工具，其隐身性能的好坏直接决定了其战场生存能力，而天线作为飞行器平台上主要的散射源之一，其隐身性能又直接影响飞行器平台的隐身性能。针对这一迫切的现实需求，本项目以飞行器平台中高性能低雷达截面天线为研究目标，应用电磁超材料、特征模分析和无源对消等技术，研究天线带内宽带RCS减缩、天线大角度RCS减缩以及高增益低RCS天线设计等内容，解决天线辐射散射之间的矛盾以及大角度入射时低散射载体对天线RCS的影响等关键科学问题，最终实现飞行器平台中高性能低RCS天线设计这一目标，从而同时满足现代飞行器平台对天线辐射散射的要求。

本目标针对天线带内 RCS 减缩、宽带天线 RCS 减缩、天线大角度 RCS 减缩、高增益低 RCS 天线设计等亟待解决的核心技术问题开展研究，在保证天线良好辐射性能的前提下实现天线 RCS 的减缩。项目成果在国内外知名刊物上发表SCI检索学术论文17篇，其中SCI二区以上论文12篇，发表国际会议论文6篇，授权发明专利3项，培养骨干青年教师1人，博士研究生7人，硕士研究生13人。负责人在项目期间入选国家级领军人才，并获中国青年女科学家奖及中国青年科技奖。参与项目的青年教师入选陕西省青年拔尖人才。.项目取得的关键性突破如下：（1）设计了具有频率选择特性和超宽带特性的隐身电磁超材料，基于混合机理的超宽带低散射超材料实现了2.8-80GHz超宽频带内的10dB RCS减缩.(2)提出了基于路径差异的高增益隐身天线设计方法，解决了天线辐射和散射相互制约的问题，并设计了多款不同形式的高增益隐身天线。（3）在天线辐射和散射特性独立调控的基础上，提出了天线工作状态不受影响状态下散射特性按需调控的理论条件，并利用开关二极管、变容二极管和液态金属等不同方法设计了具有隐身特性重构的阵列天线和高增益天线。（4）针对天线极低散射设计缺乏理论指导的问题，首次利用特征模理论实现了天线模式项散射和结构模式项散射场的进一步完备分解，为天线极低散射设计提供理论指导。.相关成果应用于多款型号隐身天线的研制，具有良好的国防应用前景和经济价值。