全球价值链视角下中国推进高水平异质性FTA建设研究

The current international division is increasingly reflected in the global value chain division. The future global competition is value chain competition, the competitive advantage of nations no longer depends on scale and volume, but depends on its position in the global value chain and the ability to obtain value-added. In the face of the low tide of global multilateral trade liberalization, many countries are relying on FTA construction to occupy the favorable position of the global value chain, and China is no exception. However, it should be noted that for different free trade agreements, on the one hand, its terms are not the same; on the other hand, its position in the global FTA network which can be measured by network correlation degree is also different. These make different free trade agreements have heterogeneity in terms of the depth of the rules and network correlation degree, and the impact of different free trade agreements on the global value chain is also different. Based on the realistic background of the global value chain and the trend of FTA development, this research tries to construct the model framework how heterogeneous free trade agreements which have different rules depth and network correlation degree affect the global value chain, and reveal the internal mechanism how heterogeneous free trade agreements affect a country to integrate into the global value chain through trade and investment effects, and explore the strategy and measures that China government promotes high-level heterogeneous FTA construction to occupy the favorable position of the global value chain.

当前的国际分工越来越表现为全球价值链分工。未来全球竞争是价值链竞争，国家竞争优势已不再取决于规模和体量，而是取决于其在全球价值链中的位置和获取附加价值的能力。面对全球多边贸易自由化陷入低潮，各国纷纷借助于FTA建设来占据全球价值链的有利地位，中国也不例外。然而应当看到，对于不同的自由贸易协定，一方面其所包含的条款内容等不尽相同；另一方面；其在全球FTA网络中所处的地位（用网络关联度来衡量）也不一样。这使得不同的自由贸易协定在规则深度和网络关联度方面都存在较大异质性，其对全球价值链的影响也会存在差异。本课题基于全球价值链分工的现实背景和FTA发展趋势，尝试构建不同规则深度和网络关联度的异质性贸易协定影响全球价值链体系重构的模型框架，揭示异质性贸易协定通过贸易效应和投资效应影响一国融入全球价值链的内在机理，探讨中国政府依托高水平异质性FTA建设实现向全球价值链高端攀升的策略措施。

面对国内外复杂多变的经济环境，中国已进入需要大力加快全球自贸区建设的关键时期。加快自贸区建设既是中国面深化改革开放的内在要求，也是应对全球经贸环境恶化的必然选择，更是中国参与全球经济治理、提高制度性话语权的重要途径。当前，全球自贸协定不仅在数量上快速增长，其涉及到的议题范围也在持续扩展、规则深度不断提升，表现出越来越明显的网络化发展趋势。面对全球自贸协定发展呈现出新趋势和新特征，中国加快高标准全球自贸区的建设已经刻不容缓。尽管近年来，中国自贸区建设取得了较为显著的成效，签署的自贸协定数量快速增长，但是整体而言，中国FTA的签订数量偏少且条款规则深度不深，同时已签署FTA的伙伴国主要为发展中国家和亚太国家，FTA伙伴国的覆盖面还有待进一步拓宽。与此同时，无论是从贸易角度（包括总贸易角度、中间品贸易角度还是增加值贸易角度）还是外商直接投资流入角度，FTA对中国与成员国间的贸易与投资都具有显著的促进作用，而且协定的内容深度越深，其对成员国间贸易和投资的促进作用会越大。适时加快推进中国高标准全球自贸区建设步伐，需要从中国已有自贸协定的有效升级、新签自贸协定的有序推进、不同自贸协定的深度融合、与国内自贸实验园区的有机对接、与一带一路倡议的相互呼应等方面出发，多点发力，齐头并进。