环境公平下中国钢铁产业区际转移的绿色发展机理及路径研究

With accelerating the pace of transfer of Chinese steel companies to the central and western regions and surrounding areas, and it causes frequently environmental pollution incidents. Especially under environmental equity, interregional transfer of Chinese iron and steel enterprises faces following situations that mechanism of action and influence mechanism of coordinated development of economic benefits and environmental benefits are not clear, the economic theories are insufficient and the empirical results are scarce, and it is difficult to provide effective policy support for China to achieve economic restructuring and regional coordinated development..Starting from interregional transfer of Chinese steel companies and taking green development as the entry point, this project clarifies the economic basis for the mechanism and evolution path of industrial transfer and green development, proposes green model of undertaking regional transfer and explores mechanism of synergistic effect of interregional transfer in iron and steel enterprises. It also discovers interregional transfer spillover effect of steel companies under the combination of environmental policies, constructs benefit evaluation models of interregional transfer of steel enterprises based on different perspectives, reveals theoretical and empirical models of green technology innovation in iron and steel enterprises and analyzes the mechanism of green technology innovation on green development of interregional transfer of steel enterprises. A green development system model of interregional transfer of Chinese iron and steel enterprises is developed by this project under environmental equity. Theory model of interregional transfer green development of Chinese iron and steel enterprises is formed based on above researches. Achievements of this project would provide academic and policy support for low-carbon development of interregional transfer of high-energy-consuming enterprises in China.

伴随中国钢铁企业向中西部及周边地区转移步伐加快，其引发环境污染事件频繁出现。尤其是在环境公平下，中国钢铁企业区际转移面临经济收益和环境效益协调发展的作用机理和影响机制不明确，经济学理论不足，实证结果匮乏的局面。难以为中国实现经济结构调整和区域协调统一发展提供有效政策支撑。.本课题从中国钢铁企业区际转移入手，以绿色发展为切入点，厘清环境公平下产业转移与绿色发展的作用机理和演化路径的经济学基础，提出承接区域转移绿色模型，探讨钢铁企业区际转移协同效应机理，发现环境政策组合下钢铁企业区际转移溢出效应，构建基于不同视角下钢铁企业区际转移利益评价模型，揭示钢铁企业绿色技术创新理论和实证模型，分析绿色技术创新对钢铁企业区际转移绿色发展的作用机理，开发了基于环境公平下中国钢铁企业区际转移绿色发展系统模型，形成了中国钢铁企业区际转移绿色发展理论模型，以期为中国高耗能企业区际转移低碳发展提供学术和政策支持。

钢铁工业是我国国民经济重要的基础产业，钢铁产业的合理布局有助于区域经济和环境合理、有序发展。本项目探讨中国钢铁产业绿色发展效率特征，并探究钢铁产业绿色发展效率的影响因素。在此基础上，本项目构建钢铁产业-能源-生态环境综合评价指标体系，探讨三个体系协调度发展水平，分析钢铁产业-能源-生态环境系统间耦合协调的空间集聚效应。项目组进一步将钢铁产业拓展到污染密集型产业，基于污染排放强度指数，划分污染产业转出地和转入地，分析污染产业转移对于不同大气污染物影响。并且本项目进一步拓展污染产业转移对于中国环境效率的异质性。研究结果表明，中国钢铁产业绿色发展效率呈现出下降趋势，异质性表明，钢铁产业绿色发展效率在东部和中部下降趋势明显，但在西部地区效率值基本稳定不变。高研发投入和高钢铁工业绿色发展效率省份主要集中在东部地区，而低研发投入和低钢铁工业绿色发展效率的省份主要集中在中部和西部地区。出口、所有制结构和资本投资能够促进中国东部和西部地区钢铁产业绿色发展效率。能源消费结构和产业规模降低中部地区钢铁产业绿色发展效率。进一步研究发现，出口交货值、一次能源产量和工业污染治理投资对于钢铁产业-能源-环境系统贡献最大。该系统耦合协调度呈现出逐渐上升趋势。中国钢铁产业-能源-环境系统耦合协调度存在较大空间依赖性，从局部空间集聚特点看，高高集聚省份空间分布呈现由分散向聚集的趋势，且这些省份主要集中在中国东部和中部地区，高低集聚省份分布广泛，且数量呈现出增长趋势。中国西部地区省份呈现出低低集聚特点。并且污染产业转出区产业聚集度要小于污染产业转入区产业聚集度。污染产业转移对于二氧化碳和烟尘排放起到了减排作用，却增加了二氧化硫排放。污染产业转移改善东部地区环境效率，恶化中部和西部地区环境效率。因而，应该在能源结构调整，低碳技术应用，产品质量提升，产业集中度等方面促进中国钢铁产业绿色低碳发展。