站城空间关系分类下的高铁站区空间演化与规划应对研究

With the rapid development of China's high-speed railway development and construction, there is a big gap between the agglomeration and deployment capacity of all kinds of factors in the cities. As a result, most high-speed rail stations and their surrounding areas have emerged urban problems such as separation of station-city relations and hollowing-out of space . In this paper, the typical classification of spatial relationship of station city, the spatial evolution characteristics of high-speed railway station area and the space response of station area are studied. (1) On the basis of the satellite image data and the fan angle analysis method, Digitized analysis explores the connection between the numerical range of angles and station space morphological relations. (2) Study on the spatial model of high-speed railway station area under the classification of station city morphological characteristics, and accurately analyze the spatial growth characteristics, spatial expansion direction and the location distribution of construction patches in each station area over the years, and refine the spatial evolution characteristics. (3) Proposed various methods of station space evaluation, impact mechanism, space optimization and planning response. The above research contents follow the logical main line of "station city spatial relationship classification-evolvement characteristics-space response", and aim at the improvement and optimization of station space, and the integration of station city relations. It is of great significance both for promoting the healthy development of the space system in HSR stations and for improving the comprehensive competitiveness of stations in cities.

随着我国高速铁路开发建设进程的迅速推进，由于城市对各类要素的集聚与调配能力存在较大差距，使得大部分高铁站点及其周边地区出现了站城关系分离、空间空心化等城市问题。本课题从站城空间关系的典型分类、高铁站点地区空间演化特征、站点地区空间应对三方面展开研究：(1)在结合卫星地图影像资料的基础上，采用扇形角度分析方法对站城关系进行数字化分析，探索角度数值范围和站城空间形态关系之间的联系。(2)对站城形态关系特征分类下的高铁站区运用空间模型研究，准确辨析每个站区的历年空间增长特征、空间拓展方向以及建设斑块的区位分布，提炼其空间演化特征。(3)提出各类站区空间评价、影响机制、以及空间优化的方法和规划应对。上述研究内容遵循“站城空间关系分类－演化特征－空间应对”的逻辑主线，以站区空间改进与优化，站城关系融合为目标导向。无论对于推动高铁站区空间系统的健康发展、还是提高设站城市综合竞争力都具有重要意义。

该项目通过定量计算的方法对河南省境内14座高铁站区空间进行测度。从多个高铁站点地区空间现状特征、站城空间关系分类（融合型、联合型、分离型、嵌入型）下的演化机制和规划策略三方面展开研究：⑴辨析每个站区的空间形态、功能结构和交通分布，研究我国高铁站区空间发展的特殊性；⑵在不同空间尺度下提出高铁站区空间发展的外部影响机制；⑶提出未来新建高铁站区空间的规划策略。主要研究内容遵循“空间特征——影响机制——规划策略”的逻辑主线，以实现站城融合为目标导向。发现重要研究成果如下：(1)站城空间关系分类下的高铁站区空间形成机制具有显著的差异性；(2)作为现阶段和未来开发比重较高的边缘型高铁站区，其空间较远郊型高铁站区和城市中心性高铁站区更易塑造，具有从微观层面（交通、功能和风貌）对空间进行修整的良好条件，可以在相关规划的指引下实现有效的站城融合；(3) 高铁站点和设站城市空间良性互动需要结合城市能级、合理规划高铁站区的功能定位以及预先评估站区与既有城市中心的空间关系。研究成果有助于推动高铁站区空间的健康发展，为解决区域发展不平衡突出问题畅通交通命脉，助力区域协调发展战略的实施具有重要意义。