旅游影响下乡村社会空间生产的机制与模式研究

The change of social relationship and networks of power evoked by tourism development has shaped the evolution of social space of rural areas, during the process of which, various contradictions and conflicts are produced, resulting the alienation of social space and the occurrence of social exclusion. The study adopts approaches of comprehensive observation and indepth interviews and qualitative methods of event analysis and content analysis in exploring the phenomenon and characteristics of social space production in rural areas driven by tourism development. Its evolution process, dynamic mechanism and development model are aimed to be concluded. Cases of Qingtanghu Village, Yaotang Village and Duanshi Village are presented as comparing examples, which are located in the core area of the world heritage site “Mount Danxia” in South China. Drawing on scholarship related to space production, this inquiry focuses on how tourism activities and related stakeholders have influenced the production of social space and its alienation in different types of rural villages. Previous studies on rural settlements have focused too much on the evolution of physical space while ignored the production of social space, and few cases of general tourism rural communities comparing to minority or historic ones are observed in the literature of social space production. The current study thus is aimed to reveal the rule of how different subjects influence the social space production of rural areas. It is supposed to enrich the scholarship of social space production theoretically and in practice provide policy proposals for social justice, planning and construction and sustainable development for rural communities in the tourism destination.

旅游发展所引致的乡村社会关系和权利网络的变化愈益形塑着乡村社会空间的变迁，产生了诸多的矛盾和冲突，导致乡村社区空间异化和社会排斥等问题。拟以世界遗产地丹霞山景区的青湖塘村、瑶塘村和断石村等不同旅游参与模式的乡村社区为研究对象，援引空间生产理论，提出“旅游活动及其利益相关者是如何影响不同类型乡村社会空间的生产和异化的”这一问题，采用观察法和访谈法等调查方法，运用过程-事件分析法和内容分析法等质性研究法，对不同旅游参与类型乡村社会空间生产的过程特征、动力机制和发展模式进行研究。视角上突破以往对乡村聚落空间研究重物质空间演化规律而忽视社会空间生产过程、重民族村落和传统村落的社会空间生产分析而忽视一般旅游型乡村社区，试图揭示不同社会空间生产主体对乡村社会空间生产的影响机制及其模式，以丰富和拓展乡村社会空间生产的理论内涵；实践上为旅游型乡村社区的社会公平、规划建设和可持续发展提供政策建议。

旅游地的空间生产是旅游地理学研究的重要内容。研究旅游发展如何影响乡村和历史城镇社会空间的生产，有助于深化理解旅游地社会空间演化的内在机制，对乡村和历史城镇的旅游空间治理具有重要理论指导意义。研究援引空间生产理论和全面关系流管理理论，以丹霞山三村、乌镇和凤凰古城等为案例地，主要完成了如下工作：（1）阐明了不同类型乡村旅游社区空间生产的过程、机制和结果；（2）揭示了乡村旅游地空间生产与村民角色转型的互动过程与机制；（3）基于凤凰古城案例，提出了历史城镇旅游空间生产的全面关系流管理模型；（4）基于瑶塘村和断石村案例，揭示了旅游驱动型乡村绅士化的过程与机制；（5）基于乌镇案例，构建了历史城镇旅游商业化的创造性破坏模型；（6）基于空间生产理论，提出了乡村聚落景观优化的路径。项目按照计划完成了研究目标，发表基金资助论文9篇（其中SSCI论文1篇，CSSCI论文7篇，CSCD论文1篇，被中国人民大学报刊复印刊物《旅游管理》全文转载1篇）。受邀在国内外重要学术会议做主题报告或分组报告共23次，提交会议论文14篇，其中4篇获评年度优秀会议论文。培养博士生2人，硕士生11人，其中指导完成项目相关的博士学位论文1篇、硕士学位论文6篇。