基于环境磁学分析的上海市室内外空气颗粒物污染特征研究

In recent years, haze weather occurred frequently, urban particle pollution, which harms human health greatly, has become one of atmospheric pollution problems needed to be solved urgently. It is the most important task to carry out the study on particulate pollution characteristics and its source apportionment. As a new analytical means of environmental pollution, environmental magnetism has a great potential in the particulate pollution study. In this study, indoor/outdoor atmospheric particles in Shanghai, namely, dust, PM10 and PM2.5, are taken as the object of study. Based on the technologies of environmental magnetism, geochemistry, SEM and EDS etc., the effect of seasons and functional areas on particulate pollution characteristics and its evolution of temporal and spatial distribution is studied. Then the influence of outdoor environmental factors on indoor pollution is analyzed, the main sources of indoor/outdoor particulates will be identified combined with pollution characteristics of five single pollution sources of atmospheric particles, and indoor/outdoor particulate pollution characteristics, influence factors, correlation and its response mechanism of magnetism will be revealed. Meanwhile, the feasibility of magnetic method for monitoring the indoor/outdoor particulate pollution is validated. This study could not only develop and enrich the application of environmental magnetism, but also provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling the indoor/outdoor environmental particulate pollution. Meanwhile, it has an important scientific and practical significance for the improvement of urban indoor/outdoor environment and air pollution control.

近年来我国雾霾频发，城市颗粒物污染极大危害人体健康，已成为亟待解决的大气污染问题之一。开展颗粒物污染特征研究和污染源解析是城市环境污染防治的首要任务。作为一种新兴的环境污染分析手段，环境磁学分析技术在颗粒物污染研究方面具有很大潜力。本项目拟以上海市室内外空气颗粒物（降尘、可吸入/可入肺颗粒物）为研究对象，采用环境磁学、地球化学、扫描电镜和能谱分析等技术手段，探讨季节月份、功能区等因素对颗粒物污染特性及其时空分布演变规律的影响；继而通过分析室外环境因素对室内污染的影响，结合对比5种不同单一源大气颗粒物污染特性，对室内外颗粒物主要来源进行判别，揭示上海市室内外空气颗粒物污染特性、影响因素、相关性及其磁学响应机理，验证磁学方法在室内外颗粒物污染监测中的可行性。本研究不仅可以发展和丰富环境磁学，同时也为室内外颗粒物污染防治提供科学依据，对改善室内外环境及城市大气污染防治具有重要的科学和现实意义。

近年来，城市颗粒物污染依旧是亟待解决的大气污染问题之一。因此，本项目以上海市室内外颗粒物为研究对象，在上海市16个行政区内，设置不同功能区，采集了四个季节内的468个室内外颗粒物样品，采用环境磁学、地球化学、扫描电镜和能谱分析，探讨了上海市室内外颗粒物的重金属元素含量和磁学参数的时空分布特征。同时结合富集因子法、污染负荷指数法等重金属污染评价法及相关分析、主成分分析等多元统计分析方法，对比分析室外和室内降尘的重金属磁学响应机制。结果表明：上海市室内外降尘均受到人为活动的影响，存在一定程度的磁性矿物富集，以多畴及假单畴颗粒的亚铁磁性矿物为主，磁性矿物含量的高值主要集中在交通区、商业区、工业区等人为扰动较大的区域。室外磁性矿物含量整体高于室内；交通流量大和工业区附近的部分室内环境的磁性矿物含量高于室外。本研究发展和丰富了环境磁学在室内颗粒物监测污染方面的应用，同时也为室内外颗粒物污染防治提供科学依据，对改善室内外环境及城市大气污染防治具有重要的科学和现实意义。