基于磁场集聚与纳米颗粒敏感的仿信鸽磁矢量传感器研究

Aiming at researching micro magnetometer with high-speed dynamic response and stability in wide temperature range, A bionic micro-magnetometer design proposal is presented. Based on the Iron Mineral-Based Magneto receptor hypothesis of the homing pigeon's magnetic sense structure, microstructure with magnetic flux concentration and orientation character and magnetic sense unit using magnetic nano-particle with superparamagnetic properties will be researched. The novel bionic micro-magnetometer has unique performances: high sensitivity, no hysteresis and high precision. The sensor could adapt to the wide temperature range and keep stability in high frequency magnetic field. First, the magnetic sensing mechanism of the homing pigeon is analysed in the field of anatomy and physics, and the physical structure based on micro bionic homing pigeons is established. Then, the mechanism of magnetic flux concentration and orientation and the sense units based on nano-particle is studied. The project is focusing on the theory of magnetic-sensing mechanism, and researching the structure design, preparation, test and assembly of the magnetic flux concentrator and the magnetic sense unit. Finally, the performance test and optimization of the magnetometer will be made. Research results can be directly applied to aeromagnetic survey, marine magnetic survey, satellite magnetic survey and magnetic environment detection in deep space and deep sea. This will provide accurate and reliable magnetic field vector data for resources exploration and scientific research.

本项目以高动态响应、宽温度稳定范围的微型磁矢量传感器为研究目标，以基于铁磁矿磁感受假说的信鸽磁敏结构为基础，将特殊微结构的磁场集聚定向特性和磁纳米颗粒的无磁滞超顺磁特性有机结合，提出了一种新型的适应宽温度范围、高频磁场稳定的高灵敏度、无磁滞的微磁矢量传感器。本项目首先从解剖学和物理学角度分析信鸽磁感敏机理，建立微型仿信鸽磁敏结构磁矢量传感器的物理结构模型，研究磁场集聚定向微结构和基于纳米颗粒的磁敏单元两个核心部分的作用机理，然后分别重点针对磁场集聚定向微结构和磁敏单元的设计、微加工制备、测试及组装展开研究，最后对该传感器进行性能测试与优化。研究成果"微型仿信鸽磁敏模型的磁矢量传感器"可直接应用于磁力勘探中航空磁测、航海磁测、卫星磁测及深空、深海、深地空间磁场环境探测，为资源勘探和科学研究提供准确可靠的磁场矢量数据。

本项目针对宽温度范围、动态磁场环境下微弱磁场信息的准确测量问题，提出了一种基于磁场集聚与超顺磁纳米颗粒敏感的新型仿生磁矢量传感器方案，开展了仿生磁敏感机理分析、磁场集聚结构和纳米颗粒敏感单元的作用机理分析以及相应的仿生磁传感器的设计、制备、测试及优化等研究工作。具体工作包括：(1) 信鸽磁敏感神经元结构分析、信鸽磁敏感理论分析、以及仿信鸽磁传感器结构模型的建立；(2) 磁通集聚结构磁场放大理论分析、基于有限元仿真的磁场集聚结构设计及性能分析、以及磁通集聚结构的制备及测试；(3) 纳米颗粒的磁敏特性分析、复合材料磁敏性能的影响因素研究、磁场-复合材料电容间作用机理分析与模型建立、以及磁电容敏感单元的制备及性能测试；(4) 磁通集聚结构与磁敏电容单元的一体化制造工艺研究、磁传感器检测电路设计与调试、以及磁传感器整体性能测试。 .通过对课题的研究，突破了磁通集聚结构与纳米复合材料磁电容敏感单元的组合结构设计和一体化加工制造的关键技术，揭示了磁场-复合磁敏材料电容值间的作用机理，实现了基于磁场集聚与超顺磁纳米颗粒敏感的新型仿生磁矢量传感器的制造，该传感器具有高灵敏、无磁滞、小体积和低功耗等优势，有望在动态微弱磁场测量中得到应用。