污泥高含固厌氧消化系统氮流量解析及调控策略研究

Changes in global environment and shortage in resources require the gradual function shift in wastewater treatment plants from pollution reduction to resources and power recovery. Sewage sludge is usually considered the "Energy and Mineral Resources in cities". The application of high solid anaerobic digestion technology is thus important due to the improvement of energy recovery from organic matters in sewage sludge. However, there are still lack of studies on how the key intermediates of nitrogen containing organic matters convert in high solid anaerobic digestion systems. In this study, nitrogen flow analysis will be firstly conducted, focusing on the generation of key intermediates, the formation and conversion of nitrogen-containing organic matters, microbial community structure, numbers of typical microbes, and the relationships among them. Then, based on the results, electron and mass control strategy will be proposed for the optimization of nitrogen flow and the related carbon flow by providing proper Oxidation-reduction Potential environment for microbes. Finally, according to the results from the analysis of nitrogen flow and microbial metabolisms, mathematical model on the whole nitrogen flow will be finalized for the establishment of comprehensive model applied in high solid anaerobic digestion system with sewage sludge.

在全球环境变化、资源能源短缺的背景下，污水处理厂的功能逐渐从削减污染向面向未来的资源与能源工厂转变。高含固厌氧消化技术能够实现污泥这种“城市能源及矿产资源”中有机物与能量的高效转化，因而被认为是现代污水处理厂的重要组成部分。然而，污泥中的重要含氮有机物（蛋白质）在高含固厌氧消化系统中关键中间产物的代谢机理研究依然欠缺。本课题拟以污泥高含固厌氧消化系统中氮流量的解析为切入点，考察含氮有机质关键中间产物的生成与转化机理及与系统内相关微生物种群结构、数量、代谢特征的关系。并在此基础上，通过控制氧化还原电位重新分配电子流的方式优化氮流量及与之相关的碳流量，实现污泥的有机质降解、转化和能源回收最大化。最终，本课题将以污泥高含固厌氧消化系统中氮流量解析及相关微生物代谢机制的分析结果为基础，构建含氮物质基础厌氧消化模型，为完善污泥高含固厌氧污泥系统的生化数学综合模型提供理论和科学依据。

本课题针对污泥中的重要含氮有机物（蛋白质）在高含固厌氧消化系统中关键中间产物的代谢机理展开研究。首先，以污泥高含固厌氧消化系统中氮组分以及流量的解析为切入点，考察含氮有机质关键中间产物（游离氨基酸）的生成与转化机理及与系统内相关微生物种群结构、数量、代谢特征的关系。在此基础上，通过无机质（二氧化硅）添加、提高反应温度（超高温>70度）等手段控制氧化还原电位重新对电子流进行分配以优化氮流量，实现污泥的有机质降解、转化和能源回收最大化。最终，本课题以污泥高含固厌氧消化系统中氮流量解析及相关微生物代谢机制的分析结果为基础，构建高氨氮胁迫条件下基础厌氧消化模型，为完善污泥高含固厌氧污泥系统的生化数学综合模型提供理论和科学依据。