摩擦副表面可控底面形状织构的固-气模法构建、牺牲模法转印及其摩擦学性能研究

Surface texturing of friction pairs has been an important approach to improving the tribological performance of the friction pairs in hydrodynamic lubrication. Due to the limitation of surface processing, most of the existing researches were only on the performance of surface with textures with noncontrollable bottom shape. Recently, the influence of texture bottom shape on the tribological property has been an active field in recent years. In this project, we will employ the solid-gas molding method to construct textures with controllable bottom shape on polymer surface. And then making use of the as-prepared surface as a template, the textures are transfer printed onto the metal or inorganic nonmetal friction surface based on sacrificial molding. By using these surfaces with textures with controllable bottom shape, the influence of the texture bottom shape on the tribological property will be experimental studied. Combining these results with those from numerical simulation, the action mechanism of the texture bottom shape on the state of the oil film is hopeful to be clear up. Through these investigation, we expect to realize the following objects including construction textures with controllable bottom shape based on solid-gas molding method with well reliability, establishing the relation among parameters in the transfer printing process, understanding the influence of multi factors such as texture bottom shape and operating condition of friction pairs on the tribology performance, and finally constructing the model for the tribology performance optimization. These results will lay a foundation for application of surfaces with textures with controllable bottom shape in engineering.

摩擦副表面织构已成为流体润滑领域改善摩擦副性能的一种重要方法。由于受加工方式限制，目前研究主要针对底面形状不可控的织构为主。近年来，底面形状对摩擦副性能的影响研究成为近年来的一个重要研究方向。本项目拟采用固-气模法来构建聚合物可控底面形状织构；在此基础上通过复制模塑技术和牺牲模法来实现聚合物织构向金属/无机非金属摩擦副的转印，实现摩擦副的可控底面形状织构。运用所制备的织构摩擦副开展摩擦学实验研究，考察织构底面形状对摩擦学性能的影响，并结合基于JFO理论的多尺度模拟工作，廓清织构底面形状对摩擦学性能的作用机理。通过研究，获得可控底面形状织构的固-气模法稳定构建模型，建立聚合物织构向金属/无机非金属摩擦副的转印模型；建立织构底部形状、运行条件等多因素对摩擦副性能影响规律及优化模型，为摩擦副织构应用奠定理论基础。

织构能有效调控表面与流体的作用，在表面工程、摩擦学领域得到广泛的重视，理论分析表明织构具有取向效应，但取向织构的构建是制约取向织构性能研究和应用的主要因素。为此，提出通过固-气模法构建取向织构，通过牺牲模转印法实现微结构转印，并研究取向织构表面的性能。围绕本项目的目标，开展的主要工作和结果如下：（1）通过模拟和实验揭示微气泡成形法的制约因素，发现制约因素在于模板需求和升温成形范围限制；提出倒置微气泡成形法并探明工艺参数对成形结构的影响规律，发现孔型可通过模板结构和真空压强来调节，成形结构开口形状可按需调节，为该方法在微流体领域的应用奠定基础；提出微结构表面固-气模法制备工艺并探明工艺参数对成形结构的影响规律；提出一种多孔聚合物材料的增材-变形制备方法，拓展微气泡成形法的应用范围。（2）针对金属/无机非金属摩擦副表面微织构转印的难题，提出通过激光逐层去除材料的形式来实现微结构的转印；探索可控底部形状沟槽的激光加工工艺，通过实验和数值模拟研究纳秒激光与材料表面作用的材料去除机理，确定材料逐层去除的激光参数范围；揭示纳秒激光逐层去除材料工艺对材料表面微结构的复映规律及其中出现的波纹效应，探明纳秒激光扫描诱导微米孔结构的内在机理，提出用于离散结构和多尺度构建的箔材激光冲击成形工艺。（3）提出基于流变仪的织构摩擦副摩擦学性能测试方法；采用Rtec多功能摩擦磨损试验机揭示沟槽织构对摩擦副的摩擦学性能的影响；提出基于液滴局部轮廓的接触角测量方法；模拟网纹织构摩擦副、局部凹坑摩擦副的摩擦学性能发现织构的取向和分布对摩擦学性能有较大影响，模拟揭示微孔织构边缘凸起和孔织构形状对点接触摩擦副弹流润滑性能的影响规律，模拟揭示指数型微织构的指数参数及微织构的取向对滑动轴承摩擦学性能的影响规律。（4）针对表面微结构测试的难题，探明光学测试制约微结构测试的机理，提出透明微结构测试计算相关的技术。