Y型密闭容腔内高能点火药能量传递机理及结构优化研究

High-energy ignition compositions such as Al/KClO4, Zr/KClO4 are widely used in space pyrotechnic devices, in which Y type structure is applied as redundant ignition structure. High-energy ignition compositions can generate pressure rapidly, but the loss of the pressure is also notable, the theoretical description of which is currently missing. In Y type closed bomb, burning, gas flowing, and working happen together. The deviation of ignition time synchronization makes it more difficult to study the mechanism. These factors limit the optimization of Y type ignition structure and the performance enhancement of pyrotechnic devices. Aiming at the energy transfer mechanism and the structure optimization of high-energy ignition compositions in Y type closed bomb, this study will conduct theoretical, experimental and numerical investigations to analyse the burning mechanism and the energy transfer of gas in Y type sturcture, further more, build an interior ballistics analysis model of closed bomb. The distribution of transient pressure will be obtained, theoretical basis of optimal parameter design for Y type ignition structure will also be produced to improve the performance of pyrotechnic devices.

航天火工装置广泛采用铝/高氯酸钾、锆/高氯酸钾等高能点火药作为点火能源，并以Y型结构实现冗余点火。高能点火药具有建立压力环境迅速的特点，但在密闭容腔燃烧时压力迅速下降，目前对其机理缺乏理论描述。Y型点火结构药剂燃烧、燃气流动和做功互相耦合，点火同步性偏差的客观存在更加增加了对其做功机理的认识难度，制约着Y型点火结构的优化和火工装置的性能提升。针对Y型密闭容腔内高能点火药能量传递机理及结构优化问题，本项目将采用理论分析、数值模拟和试验研究相结合的方法，深入分析高能点火药燃烧反应机理和高压燃气在Y型容腔的能量传递特性，进而建立密闭容腔内高能点火药内弹道物理模型，揭示瞬态压力分布规律，最终发展形成Y型点火结构优化分析方法，提高火工装置性能。

航天火工装置广泛采用铝/高氯酸钾、锆/高氯酸钾等高能点火药作为点火能源，并以Y型结构实现冗余点火。高能点火药具有建立压力环境迅速的特点，但在密闭容腔燃烧时压力迅速下降，目前对其机理缺乏理论描述。Y型点火结构药剂燃烧、燃气流动和做功互相耦合，点火同步性偏差的客观存在更加增加了对其做功机理的认识难度，制约着Y型点火结构的优化和火工装置的性能提升。本项目首先通过开展圆柱型和Y型容腔内点火药燃烧的压力测试，获得高能点火药能量输出特性，为内弹道理论建模提供依据。其次，在经典内弹道理论基础上，考虑热散失，建立了描述密闭容腔内点火药能量输出的改进内弹道理论模型，并完成求解，在此基础上，形成基于改进内弹道模型的固定容腔燃气压力计算模块。最后，采用CFD方法对Y型点火结构内燃气流动过程进行研究，揭示做功容腔瞬态压力分布规律，获得了点火方式、点火药量和结构尺寸对燃气压力分布的影响，为火工装置Y型点火结构设计提供指导。