宇宙高能粒子的天体物理起源

The study of the astrophysical origin of high energy particles (or high energy cosmic rays) is one of the most advanced research fields in both high energy astrophysics and cosmic ray physics, which involves a series of high energy physical processes such as particle acceleration and radiation mechanism, dynamical evolution, and particle propagation in various compact objects of our universe. We will study the astrophysical origin of high energy particles by using the multi-messenger approach (i.e. incorporating observed data of the multi-band photon emissions, high energy cosmic rays, and high energy neutrinos). We will mainly focus on the researches as below: (1) The high energy physical properties of supernova remnants (SNRs) and the contribution of SNRs to the Galactic cosmic rays. We will study the dynamical evolution, particle acceleration, and radiation mechanism in both isolated SNR and the system of SNR interacting with molecular clouds, and test SNR-origin hypothesis of galactic cosmic rays. (2) High energy physical properties of pulsars (including normal, millisecond, and newly-born pulsars), pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) and their contribution to high energy cosmic rays. We will investigate high energy radiation of gamma-ray pulsars, and the acceleration, dynamical evolution, high energy emissions of pulsar wind nebulae and probe pulsar’s origin of high energy cosmic rays. (3) High energy physical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and contribution of AGNs to ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We will study the various physical processes of both acceleration and jet dissipation of AGNs, in particular, hadronic origin of high energy gamma-rays in AGNs; We will also study the contribution of AGNs to the diffuse gamma-ray emission and investigate the intergalactic magnetic field.

宇宙高能粒子（即高能宇宙线）的天体起源研究是高能天体物理和宇宙线物理中最前沿的领域之一，涉及各种致密天体的粒子加速、传播和辐射、动力学演化等一系列高能物理过程。本项目拟使用多信使方法，即利用多波段电磁辐射、高能宇宙线和中微子的观测，开展宇宙中高能粒子天体起源的研究。主要开展如下工作：一、超新星遗迹高能物理特性及其对银河宇宙线的贡献。研究超新星遗迹的动力学演化、粒子加速及辐射机制；超新星遗迹与分子云相互作用系统的高能物理特性；检验银河宇宙线的超新星遗迹起源。二、 脉冲星及其风云高能物理特性及其对宇宙线的贡献。包括脉冲星及新诞生的快速自转中子星的高能物理过程；脉冲星风云中粒子加速、动力学演化和高能辐射，探索高能宇宙线的脉冲星及其风云起源。三、活动星系核高能物理特性及其对极高能宇宙线的贡献。包括各种加速过程和耗散过程， 高能伽玛射线的强子起源；活动星系核对弥散伽玛射线的贡献；星系际磁场的研究。

宇宙高能粒子（即高能宇宙线）的天体起源研究是高能天体物理和宇宙线物理中最前沿的领域之一。本项目的主要目的是用多信使方法，即利用多波段电磁辐射、高能宇宙线和中微子的观测，开展宇宙中高能粒子天体起源的研究。所开展的主要内容包括各种致密天体的粒子加速、传播和辐射、动力学演化等一系列高能物理过程，已在国内外核心期刊上发表SCI论文51篇。主要结果如下：（1）研究了超新星遗迹高能物理特性及其对银河宇宙线的贡献，包括超新星遗迹动力学特性的数值模拟、多波段辐射形态的三维数值模拟；提出了超新星遗迹附近高能质子逃逸与传播的模型；合理解释了超新星遗迹对宇宙线H+He的贡献。（2）研究了脉冲星及其风云高能物理特性及其对宇宙线的贡献，实现了使用准谱法对脉冲星磁层的数值模拟；解决了毫秒脉冲星的射电与伽马射线同相位的问题；理论上给出脉冲星风云中的扩散系数与星际空间扩散系数显著不同；（3）研究了活动星系核高能物理特性及其对极高能宇宙线的贡献，构建了解释遥远耀变体的GeV-TeV发射的自洽模型；提出了平谱射电类星体的光度函数的宇宙学检验和相对论性硬电子的形成机制；（4）开展了宇宙线粒子实验探测研究，完成了LHAASO-WFCTA SiPM成像探头研制。