系列半花菁高分子荧光染料的合成及其构效关系

Fabrics dyed with hemicyanine dye have some advantages, such as colorful, higher fluorescent intensity, but the poor photostability could be found in many kind hemicyanine dyes. As the polymer skelton in polymeric dyes could be used as the channel to transfer the energy what the dye moieties absorb, then polymeric dyes have better photostability than that of dye moieties. In this research project, the fluorescent polymeric dye would be prepared through chemical modification in polymer skelton using fluorescent dye moietits. The synthesis and characterization of different dyes would be studied, and the influence & interaction between molecular structure and fluorescent properties would also be discussed. Based on the kinetics of photo-degradation and the quantum chemical calculations, applicants try to find the rule existed between the photostability and the dye molecular structure, and show the photofading mechanism of fluorescent dyes. The feasible methods would be used to modify the dye lightfastness, then the new structural polymeric dyes could be produced and be further used to prepare fluorescent fabrics through spinning, dyeing, coating, etc. The new type fluorescent polymeric dyes with higher fluorescent intensity and better photostability would be produced in this project, and their new application in fabric materials would be developed. So the implementation of this project has not only the scientific foundation, but also wide prospects in textile profession.

半花菁染料所染织物具有色彩鲜艳、荧光强度高的特点，但是多数染料的光牢度不佳，而高分子染料中高分子骨架可作为能量传输通道将染料母体吸收光后的能量传输出去，从而提高染料的光稳定性。本项目首先设计合成不同生色团的荧光染料和高分子骨架，再采用化学改性法合成高分子荧光染料，对产物进行结构表征与性能分析，研究其结构组成与荧光性能之间的关系及存在的影响规律；结合染料光降解动力学研究与量子化学计算结果，尝试探索染料的光稳定性与其分子结构之间存在的关系规律，揭示其光褪色机理；探究改善染料光牢度的可行性机制，开发设计新型分子结构的高分子荧光染料；最后将高分子荧光染料应用于染色、印花、纺丝等工艺，以期制备新型荧光纺织品材料。通过该课题的研究可以制备出结构新颖、荧光强度高、光稳定性好的高分子荧光染料，并拓展其在纺织材料领域的应用范围。该项目的实施既有重要的科学依据，又有广阔的应用前景。

本课题组合成的半花菁染料所染织物具有色彩艳丽、荧光强度高的优点，但是明显的不足在于耐光色牢度不佳。本项目旨在制备高分子荧光染料，借助于高分子骨架能够作为能量通道的优势将染料母体吸收的光能进行转移，达到提高染料耐光色牢度的目的。设计合成带有不同发色基团的新型荧光染料小分子，考察化学结构对荧光染料的荧光特征及化学反应活性的影响；设计合成高分子荧光染料，考察荧光染料小分子化学结构对聚合反应产物的分子量及分子量分布、荧光性能、热性能以及溶解性能等其他物理性能的影响；比较小分子荧光染料与高分子荧光染料之间的荧光性能和耐光色牢度，分析荧光性能变化的原因主要在于聚合物骨架的作用；结合染料水溶液光降解动力学研究与密度泛函方法（DFT）量子化学计算结果，揭示染料光褪色机理，找出染料的光稳定性与分子结构之间存在的关系-活泼点越多的染料在空气中更易于被光氧化；将高分子荧光染料应用于纤维染色和静电纺丝，制得荧光棉织物、荧光蚕丝、荧光腈纶织物（纤维）。项目研究结果表明：选择合适的大分子骨架和荧光染料小分子，染料的耐光色牢度有明显的提高，可以制得耐光色牢度达到4-5级的大分子荧光染料，有望应用于纺织材料领域。