基于多源空间数据同化与风场影响参数量化模拟分析的城市风道规划方法研究

The scientific planning and construction of city wind passages helps to reduce air pollution in urban and urban heat island effect. Firstly, based on the subtropical city like Hangzhou as the typical example, large scale wind field data and relevant urban geographic spatial information data including remote sensing and non remote sensing data for many years are obtained by different means. With the analysis result of the wind variation characteristics in the built-up area and its surrounding area and comprehensive evaluation of urban wind passages construction conditions as the basis, the wind fields influence factors of the different types of urban wind passages, the method of the most suitable area to be planned and parametric methods corresponding to the different types of urban wind passages planning will be put forward. Secondly, the multi-source spatial information data associated with different types of urban wind passages planning are assimilated in time and space. 3D spatial models of urban wind passages will be built up based the high resolution stereo pair remote sensing data and GIS technology. The wind field influencing parameters in different types of urban wind passages in different planning conditions such as the different wind speed or temperature associated with the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics in different seasons and years are simulated quantificationally by using 3d spatial models into CFD software, the quantitative relationship will be revealed between the various wind field influence parameters in different planning conditions from the simulation results. At last, the importance of the influencing factors and indicator parameters will be analyzed in the different types of urban wind planning using the analytic hierarchy process ( AHP). A set of evaluation index system will be built which is fit to the urban wind passages planning for typical China's subtropical cites, in order to provide decision support for the scientific planning of urban wind passages in China.

城市风道规划建设有助于缓减城市热岛和驱散城市雾霾。本项目以亚热带杭州等典型城市为例，首先在获取多年份多尺度风场数据及相关的城市空间信息数据基础上，以城市多时相风场特征分析与城市风道建设条件综合评价为依据，提出不同类型城市风道风场影响因数及适宜规划区的划定方法，及提出不同类型城市风道规划指标的参数化方法。其次，在对与城市风道相关的多源空间信息数据进行时空同化处理后，应用高精度立体像对遥感数据与3DGIS技术建立不同类型城市风道的三维空间模型，基于三维空间模型与CFD技术模拟出不同类型城市风道通风影响参数在不同规划条件下（如不同风速、气温要求等）的三维空间分布特征，揭示城市风道各种通风影响参数在不同规划条件下相互对应的量化关系；最后，基于AHP方法分析不同类型城市风道规划各类影响因素与指标参数的重要性特征，建立我国亚热带城市风道规划的适应性评价指标体系，为我国城市风道的科学规划提供决策支持。

随着中国城市气候环境问题的不断加剧，人们对城市通风环境和城市热环境的关注逐渐增加。城市风道多尺度多维度量化模拟及其在城市规划及设计中的应用研究有助于提升我国大城市应对城市气候变化的能力。本研究首先全面梳理了国内外城市风道量化研究的相关进展、经验及研究方法，从理论上构建了我国城市风道量化研究理论及政策框架体系；研究确定了遥感、GIS数据与CFD定量模拟所需数据同化的技术方案，依据定量模拟结果在宏观层面划定了城市风道规划建设的适宜范围，并提出总体规划层面城市风道构建及界定方法。同时，提出了不同空间尺度城市风道规划影响因素的甄别与指标参数化方法。在建立城市风道三维空间模型基础上，团队编写程序获取CFD模拟的城市风道边界参数，创新性地利用多孔介质理论模型和现场气象数据观测数据用于CFD平台的定量模拟的初步工作。最后，归纳总结了多孔介质理论与CFD融合定量模拟城市片区（中观层面）风场的通风规划条件下影响因素及指标参数之间的量化关系，提出城市风道规划的适应性指标体系。研究构建了一种与城市风道规划过程相对应的遥感、GIS、CFD融合协同的地理空间数据同化方法，建立一套符合我国亚热带城市不同类型城市风道规划需求，能够直接应用城市风道规划实例之中的不同空间尺度的定量模拟理论及方法。本课题研究从定量模拟计算科学的角度推动我国高密度大中城市气候环境科学研究及环境提升。在目前国土空间规划体系的重构背景下，将城市通风廊道的规划研究纳入国土空间规划体系中，能够更好地发挥规划引领及管控的作用，从而推动我国大中城市高品质人居环境发展。