基于GIS和RS通风潜力分析的城市风道规划支持方法研究

Decent natural outdoor ventilation is crucial in mitigation of Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and optimization of urban thermal condition, it also contributes to enhancing human comfort and reducing energy consumption, negative effects of pollutants concentrated in high density built environment can substantially be relieved through optimal air flow. Based upon remote sensing derivation, GIS modeling, spatial analysis, and CFD modeling, the research employs remote sensing image and geographic information data to investigate the components of urban wind field and ventilation mechanism, while architectural and natural elements are taken into account, the urban built environment is treated holistically, upon which the 2, 2.5 and 3 dimensional urban spatial morphology indicator system is built and assessed quantitatively, including roughness, sinuosity, porosity and etc., the research then analyzes the quantitative relationship between urban spatial morphological indicators and natural ventilation potential (NVP). The methodology of wind path detection and exploration derived from the research can be utilized to guide and support the planning of urban ventilation path.

良好的室外通风有助于缓解城市热岛效应和改善城市热环境，提升人体舒适度和降低能耗，空气流动也能有效降低气体污染物在高密度建成环境中的负面影响。本项目采用遥感影像、地理信息数据和气象观测资料，基于遥感反演、GIS三维建模、空间分析及CFD流体动力模拟，研究城市风环境的构成要素和通风机理；将城市建成环境作为整体，进行城市建筑和自然要素三维建模，构建城市尺度2维、2.5维及3维城市空间形态指标体系，如粗糙度、弯曲度、孔隙度等，并进行定量分析和评价；探寻城市空间形态指标和自然通风潜力（NVP）的量化关系。基于以上研究，提出城市风道的探测和挖掘方法，为城市风道规划提供科学决策依据和支持方法。

本研究了基于遥感影像、地理信息数据、气象数据，采用遥感反演、WRF模拟、GIS三维建模与空间分析、CFD流体动力模拟，结合了气象学模型、城市形态模型和计算流体力学模型，构建了城市热环境和风环境的评价指标体系；再将城市建成环境作为整体，对城市建筑和自然要素建模，定量分析了城市三维形态指标体系，如迎风面积密度、下垫面粗糙度、孔隙度等；深化了城市形态和通风潜力之间的量化关系研究。我们结合建成环境分析，分别在城市宏观、中观、微观尺度上进行了通风潜力分析，提出了城市风道的探测和挖掘方法，在城市热岛效应、通风与雾霾分析上做了尝试和验证，研究成果为城市规划、城市气候学与流体力学相结合的跨学科研究提供了科学参考，并已在至少4各城市中实际应用。