可持续性转型视角下我国制造企业生态创新绩效评价及影响维度研究

From the perspective of sustainable transition, this research takes the manufacturing enterprises of China as the researching object, and makes an in-depth study on its eco-innovation. This research first establishes its theoretical framework based on the literature review of eco-innovation theories and practices at home and abroad. Under the theoretical framework, this research considers the eco-innovation development of manufacturing enterprises in China at present and constructs the comprehensive index system for evaluating the eco-innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises. According to the index system, this research applies projection pursuit model to assess the eco-innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises, and analyzes the empirical results from spatial difference and industry difference respectively. The influence dimensions on the eco-innovation performance are set up to include market dimension, technology dimension, resource dimension, relation dimension and policy dimension by designing the questionnaire from which the indicator variables of each dimension are extracted. Then this research tries to illustrate these dimensions how to influence on the eco-innovation performance through the estimation model. Finally, in terms of the empirical conclusions, the efforts to promote the eco-innovation performance are made from both the internal and the external of manufacturing enterprises. In the study process, we try to use the diversified methods such as genetic algorithm and high dimensional multi-objective optimization in order to avoid subjective judgment and one-sided statistical analysis. This research aims to solve three key problems about the eco-innovation performance measurement of manufacturing enterprise, the influence dimensions construction and the influence mechanism. The series of research conclusions become the effective decision-making basis and policy implications for manufacturing enterprise and the government to strengthen the eco-innovation practice and management and push forward the sustainability transition.

本项目以可持续性转型的视角，切入企业生态创新问题研究。首先，通过梳理国内外相关文献，凝练研究的理论基础和现实背景。然后，从我国制造企业生态创新的发展现状出发，构建制造企业生态创新绩效的综合评价指标体系；根据指标体系，利用投影寻踪模型，对制造企业生态创新绩效进行评价，并对实证评价结果进行区域差异化分析和行业差异性分析；根据理论推演及调研情况，从市场、技术、资源、关系和政策等方面构建影响维度，设计调查问卷，提取各维度的指标变量；建立生态创新影响维度与绩效关系的估计模型，揭示制造企业生态创新绩效的影响机理。最后，根据实证结论，从制造企业内部和外部两方面构建生态创新绩效的提升体系。研究中尝试采用遗传算法、高维多目标优化等方法进行客观科学的评价与分析，拟解决制造企业生态创新绩效的测度、影响维度构建、影响机理等关键问题，旨在为制造企业和政府加强生态创新实践和管理、推进可持续性转型提供有效的决策依据。

全球环境变化使人类发展的可持续性受到空前挑战。“社会—经济—生态”系统必须向可持续性发展目标转型，已经成为全球共识。可持续性转型意味着在系统创新、体制改革、产业转型、技术升级和社会经济模式等多个领域做出巨大变革，而这些变革的方向和速度取决于全球、区域、地方、部门、企业等不同尺度上所有参与者的共同行为，成为改善生态环境最主要的驱动力。因此，项目在可持续性转型视角之下，结合我国实际，研究制造企业的生态创新问题。首先，界定了面向可持续性转型的企业生态创新内涵，立足我国制造企业生态创新现状，分别基于PPC模型和两阶段创新价值链构建了生态创新绩效评价指标体系，并对评价结果进行了行业异质性分析、时空差异及收敛性分析，运用模糊集定性比较分析开展了制造企业生态创新绩效的多重影响因素研究，根据影响维度对生态创新绩效的作用机理，进行了绩效多元提升路径分析并提出相关对策建议。研究结果表明：企业生态创新与可持续性转型在环境目标和结构演进过程上具有一致性；制造企业生态创新整体呈现较稳定的发展态势；不同行业的制造企业生态创新绩效差异显著，资本密集型行业最高，而资源密集型行业和劳动密集型行业都较低；不同地区的制造企业生态创新绩效差距较为明显，空间集聚程度在逐渐增强，沿海综合经济区在科技研发阶段和成果转化阶段的效率均位于前列；制造企业的生态创新绩效提升不是单一因素驱动的结果，而是创新系统技术、组织、关系、市场与政策等内外部因素相互作用、共同影响的结果；尤其政策维度的影响十分重要，当前无论是命令控制型还是市场激励型的环境规则对我国制造企业生态创新绩效的影响均呈“U”型关系变化，环境规制水平需要不断提高，以激发制造企业生态创新的积极性和持续性。项目成果丰富了相关研究视角、对象、内容、方法和结论，为提高制造企业生态创新绩效及促进企业可持续性转型提供了理论启示和决策依据。