基于适应性理念的传统聚落形态模式与空间体系研究——以汾河中游地区为例

Currently the traditional settlements in China are faced with the issues of space evolution and structural transformation, during which process a suitable form pattern and spatial system will promote positive conservation and development of settlements themselves. Actually, Shanxi is the province where the most traditional settlements are located in Northern China, including 129 "Traditional Village of China", 40 "Historic Towns and Villages of China", 286 provincial traditional villages and so forth. In the Middle Reaches of Fen River, the distribution of settlements is so dense with diverse and typical samples. ..In the study, the form of settlements will be examined with comprehensive methods in the diachronic comparison context, in order to 1) apply adaptive concepts to historical study and redevelopment strategy of traditional settlements, focusing on the dynamic evolution and the interaction between historical and the newly-built environment; 2) make a response to the adaptive demands from the regional characterization and structural inheritance, with the aid of the rank-size model, voronoi diagram and spatial configuration principles; 3) summarize the explicit representation, variation patterns and typology characteristics of traditional settlements, as well as the interactive effects among settlements in certain region within the scope of spatial system. ..The study on traditional settlements is of theoretical and practical significance, especially in contemporary China under the rapid urbanization. In brief, the comprehensive study of form patterns and spatial system in the perspective of adaptability will provide the theoretical support and mythological references for the renovation of settlements and the inheritance of ancient culture.

传统聚落在当代面临空间演化和结构转型，适宜的形态模式和空间体系会促进聚落良性存续和发展。山西是北方传统聚落最多的省份，有129个“中国传统村落”、40个“中国历史文化名镇名村”、286个省级传统村落，汾河中游是分布最集中的区域，兼有多样性和典型性。.本项目源于对适应性理念的再阐释，采用聚落形态的历时性比较和聚落群空间的综合解析方法，旨在1）将适应性理念应用于传统聚落的历史研究和更新方法，关注聚落的动态演化，特别是历史环境和新建环境间的相互作用；2）从聚落的地域表征、结构传承对适应性进行回应，采用等级规模模型、泰森多边形法、空间组构法等对聚落形态进行阐释；3）总结传统聚落的外显表征、演化规律、类型特征，并从空间体系层面解析区域范围内聚落群的互动影响。.本项目希冀提出理论和实践的双重应对，通过综合研究，为传统聚落历史文化的传承延续、空间形态的更新发展提供理论支撑和方法借鉴。

汾河中游是山西省的地理与文化中心，周边区域是传统聚落分布最集中的地段之一，亦是地域文化和汾水文明的空间载体。研究立足适应性理念，从聚落群共同体视角切入，完成文献梳理、田野调查、空间形态分析，归纳长时段中聚落发展的脉络，总结聚落类型和形态模式特征，为乡村建成遗产价值的合理评价、空间的有序发展提供依据和支撑。..首先，通过文献研究进行理论建构，一是整理汾河中游地区的历史沿革脉络，特别是近代以来水利营建和周边聚落发展的相互关系；二是总结聚落空间分析方法，包括地理信息系统和类型图解的整合；三是解读适应性理念，引入长时段、“大-小传统”和文化形态等概念。..其次，对晋中市和吕梁市的榆次、太谷、平遥、祁县、介休、孝义等县市的传统聚落进行现场调查，通过村民访谈、地空全景平台等方式收集资料，完善基础数据信息库。为了比较研究，到访晋中市灵石县、忻州市定襄县、临汾市乡宁县和襄汾县，调查汾河中下游衔接处、同河北岸、马壁峪沿线等地区的传统聚落。之后进行样本分析，包括区域范围内的聚落群整体形态，典型样本的文化形态，以及关键聚落单元的个体解读。..再次，在调查分析的基础上，对从“水利社会”向当代社会转型中的传统聚落进行形态模式归类。聚落因区位、选址、风土缘由，呈现类型化的发展趋势，包括水陆相伴、水促村盛、因水致产等类型。总结聚落空间形态和山水环境、社会组织、文化交往的关系，即所谓的“自然-社会-文化”三个层面。..综上，研究将适应性理念逐层解析，以长时段和“大-小传统”为方法指引，为传统聚落所代表的乡土建成遗产的空间认知、价值提炼、保护发展提供具有操作性的方案。一方面，传统聚落群的价值会倍增，数倍于个体单元的叠加，说明聚落群的整体性保护非常重要；另一方面，共同体的概念不仅存在于过去，即使在快速城镇化的当下，仍然具有现实意义，其重要性会在人居环境共建共享的过程中逐步得到体现。