具有类似单极子辐射特性的同频同时全双工天线关键技术研究

With the spectrum resource becoming increasingly scarce nowadays, Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) technology has attracted extensive attention worldwide, as it could theoretically double the spectral efficiency. In the application of military electronic warfare system, the transmit and receive antennas of the STAR are required to be not only designed in limited space, but also with high isolation and monopole-like radiation characteristics. Hence, it makes difficult trade-offs in the radiation characteristics, isolation, size and bandwidth of the STAR antenna. To resolve the above problems, we firstly investigate passive coupling theory and decoupling methods between the transmit and receive ports of the STAR antenna, which could help to realize antenna miniaturization and good antenna radiation efficiency. Following that, based on the near field cancellation technique, we systematically investigate the miniaturization and wideband schemes of the STAR antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristics and high isolation. This project is expected to resolve the problems of miniaturization、wideband、and high isolation of the STAR antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristics, and also to provide a theoretical basis and design guideline for the design of STAR antenna in the future.

在当今频谱资源日益珍贵的背景下，同频同时全双工(CCFD, 又称STAR)技术凭借其将频谱效率理论上再提高一倍的潜在魅力，受到了国内外的高度关注。在军事电子战系统中，还需要在一个有限的空间设计具有高隔离度的STAR天线，且具有类似单极子的辐射特性。这样就导致了STAR天线在辐射特性、隔离度、尺寸、带宽等方面难以兼顾。针对以上问题，本项目将先对STAR天线收发端口间的无源耦合理论和去耦方法进行研究，以促进STAR天线的小型化设计，并保证收发天线的辐射效率。随后，将基于近场抵消技术，系统性地研究具有高隔离度的、类似单极子辐射特性的STAR天线的小型化设计及其宽带设计。本项目的实施有望突破具有类似单极子辐射特性STAR天线的小型化、宽带和高隔离度等关键问题，为今后设计该类天线提供理论依据和设计指导。

同频同时全双工(CCFD, 又称STAR)技术凭借其将频谱效率理论上再提高一倍的优势，近年来受到了国内外同行的高度关注。在现代通信系统中，通常还需要在一个有限的空间设计具有高隔离度的STAR天线，且具有宽的工作带宽，相同的极化状态和近似的辐射方向图。这样就导致了STAR天线在辐射特性、隔离度、尺寸、带宽等方面难以兼顾。针对以上问题，本项目首先对天线阵列单元间的无源耦合理论和去耦方法进行了研究。采用了遗传算法对双频多天线阵列单元间的去耦匹配网络进行了精确设计并获得了较高的隔离度。随后，基于N-ary算法提出了在提高天线单元隔离度的基础上同时对天线的方向图进行赋形的新方法。其次，在STAR天线小型化设计方面，设计了一款紧凑的具有高隔离的单站共圆极化STAR天线系统。通过将其天线和馈电网络集成为一个射频前端模块，实现了其集成化和小型化设计，并获得了高收发隔离度。最后，在宽带STAR天线设计方面，设计了两款宽带STAR天线系统，均实现了极高的收发隔离度，收发共极化，且高度相似的全向辐射方向图。通过此项目的研究，共发表国际主流SCI期刊论文7篇，EI国际会议论文4篇，申请并授权3项中国发明专利。