制度分析视角下大学公益性农技推广组织模式与运行机制研究

Improving non-profit agricultural science and technology extension system is essential to agricultural development transformation and modernization. Non-profit agricultural science and technology extension in the universities can make up for deficiencies in the existing agricultural science and technology extension system and has have been an essential support for rural development of China. In fact, existing agricultural science and technology extension system have been facing the insufficient financial investment, weaken non-profit function, lower human resource quality and technological transfer ratio. As we known, science and technology is the first productivity and talent is the first resource of development. The universities as an important combination of science and technology and talent can do more to improve existing system. There are several problems both in practices and research on the organizational patterns and its operational mechanisms of non-profit agricultural science and technology extension, such as fuzzy strategies and targets, unclear organizational structure and leaky informal networks in practice; less concerned on organizational field and overmuch descriptive study in related research. The applicant's previous study found that institutional arrangement can't develop good organizational patterns and its operational mechanisms but systematic consider related organizations' characters and environments. Under the director of institution theory of organizational analysis, this project intends to develop and validate a ternary mapping framework on "influence factors-organizational patterns-operational mechanisms" of non-profit agricultural science and technology extension in the universities of China step by step. Literature analysis, case study, surveys and statistical analysis are the primary methodology of this research. Also, international experiences will be a reference for final proposal on non-profit agricultural science and technology extension in the universities of China. This project will help to explore synergies institutional designs among public organizations when they cooperate to non-profit targets, enrich agricultural extension theory, and expand the scope of institutional analysis.

健全公益性农业科技推广体系是转变农业发展方式，实现农业现代化的关键。大学公益性农业科技推广能改善现有农业科技推广体系投入不足、公益性弱化、人员素质不高和技术成果转化率较低的现状，发挥高等教育科技第一生产力和人才第一资源重要结合点的优势，已成为农村发展的重要依托。既有大学公益性农业科技推广组织模式与运行机制，在实践中存在战略和目标模糊、组织结构不清、非正式网络不完备等问题，而相关研究多为描述性介绍，且较少关注中观层面的组织场域。申请者的前期研究发现，系统考虑组织特性与组织环境的制度安排才会形成良好的组织模式及其运行机制。本项目拟以组织分析的制度理论为指导，应用文献分析、案例研究、问卷调查和统计分析，借鉴国际经验，分步构建并验证大学公益性农业科技推广"影响因素-组织模式-运行机制"三层映射框架，以探索在公共组织为主体的公益性活动中各组织之间协同的制度设计，丰富农业推广理论，拓展制度分析的范围。

转变农业发展方式、实现农业现代化，关键在于农业科技的广泛应用和推广。高校是科技第一生产力和人才第一资源的重要结合点，高等农业院校是国家开展农业科技推广的重要支持和推动力量，并已在实践中形成了多种模式。现有的大学公益性农技推广组织模式与运行机制尽管成效显著，但与现实需求和农民期待仍有差距。.本项目以组织分析的制度理论为指导，应用文献分析、案例研究、问卷调查和统计分析，分别关注了历史脉络与现实需求、既有模式、典型案例、理论工具、国际经验等方面的内容，从中观层面分析了大学公益性农业科技推广组织模式和运行机制，为探索在公共组织为主体的公益性活动中各组织之间协同的制度设计，丰富农业推广理论，拓展制度分析的范围提供了参照。.研究的主要发现是：（1）传统和新型农业经营主体对农技推广均有广泛的需求。（2）制度安排、高层领导态度和大学发展需求是大学公益性农技推广组织模式的主要影响因素。（3）教师是大学公益性农技推广运行机制的主体，其参与意愿与年龄、政府和学校奖励与激励措施、拨款充足程度、职称评审及绩效考核制度完善程度、个人时间充裕程度正相关。（4）大学生对自我参与农技推广情况的评价、教师学生家长等的外部支持对他们参与农技推广活动具有较正面的影响。（5）大学公益性农技推广基地等机构建设应综合分析地方产业、大学学科、地理区位等三方面优势，建立完备制度保障，有机整合政策和资源。（6）制度分析视角可通过规制、规范和文化-认知等三要素分析框架，结合内容分析方法，开展实证研究。（7）美国、日本等国的经验表明，激发大学的参与公益性农技推广的热情，需要统筹考虑大学本身的发展需求、国家高等教育制度体系变革压力等方面的因素。