基于风险价值的含规模风电电力系统网架重构方案优化

Large-scale blackouts occurred around the world and corresponding processes of restoration show that effective schemes for reconstructing power network conforming to reality are important to mitigating the impact on society and the loss of economy. So far, the extensive and intensive research has been dedicated to improving performance and feasibility of reconfiguration schemes, in which the power stations driven by traditional energy sources such as hydro and thermal power are key points of restoration. In contrast, large-scale wind power integrated in the system has been seldom taken into consideration in the network reconfiguration. Based on investigating the impact of large-scale wind power on the system operation during network reconstruction, this application will aim at the right moment of involving wind power, the limit of wind power integrated securely and optimal utilization of integrated wind power so that corresponding acceptability criteria, risk assessment method and optimization strategy are investigated in terms of operational characteristics of wind power and the restoration requirements. The objective of the application is to integrate wind power actively in order to help relieve the tough situation of reconfiguration due to the shortage of cranking power and unbalanced distribution of available power sources and interrupted loads. The fruit of this project will better meet the demands of decision support for rapid restoration as the constitution of power sources changing and be helpful to improving defense capability of modern power systems against the massive outage.

各国大停电的实例及相关恢复过程表明，贴近实际的有效的重构方案对于减小停电损失意义重大。现有关于网架重构方案的研究在提升重构效果、增强方案的可操作性方面进行了大量深入细致的工作。但是，已有研究多以常规电源构成的系统为背景，缺乏将规模风电纳入完整重构过程的系统策略和方法。本申请项目通过将风电运行特点与网架恢复需求有机地结合，以分析规模风电对重构阶段网架运行状态的影响为基础，针对风电接入时机、风电接入量的安全限值和接入风功率的优化利用三方面问题，研究与之相应的判断标准、风险分析方法和重构优化策略。本申请项目旨在重构方案的制定过程中积极纳入风电，以应对重构阶段可用启动功率匮乏、电源和负荷分布极不均衡的突出矛盾。项目成果更加契合电网电源结构变化对于快速恢复决策支持的需要，有助于提高现代电力系统应对大停电事故的能力。

经济社会发展的全面绿色转型对能源结构持续优化提出了现实而迫切的需要，也为电网的电源结构带来了深刻变化。针对大规模风电接入给电力系统恢复控制带来的突出问题和关键挑战，本项目将风电运行特点与恢复过程不同阶段的目标需求进行有机结合，重点研究了风电接入时机、风电接入量的安全限值、风功率的优化利用及与之对应的判断标准、风险分析方法和重构优化策略。首先，提出了风电黑启动价值的概念，将风电接入重构过程绝对时机的判断转化为风电对重构过程相对价值的量化评估，为在修订既有的网架重构方案和优化系统的重构方案过程中计及风电出力的影响奠定了基础。其次，提出了动态风电穿透功率极限的概念，建立了计及不同安全约束要求的动态风电穿透功率极限求解模型及基于PSD-BPA安全约束快速校验的重构网架可接入风电出力水平的系统化求解方法。进一步，建立了面向重构全过程的系统化利用风电出力的控制策略和优化方法，即：①以提升风电友好性的控制策略及辅助措施为基础，提出了风电场黑启动方案通用制定方法，实现尽早安全利用风电出力，应对重构初期启动功率匮乏的极端场景。②提出了基于动态风电穿透功率极限的重构方案制定方法，可基于既有的网架重构方案实现对风电的安全有序利用，缓解电源和负荷分布不均衡的突出矛盾。③通过评估风电的黑启动价值，比较风电与火电参与重构的净收益，将风电出力系统纳入重构方案优化过程，实现风电出力的最优利用。最后，针对我国电力市场化改革对高比例可再生能源电力系统黑启动辅助服务的定价需要，将风电黑启动价值的概念拓展至包括新能源电厂的电源黑启动价值，提出了黑启动服务两部制定价方法。总之，本项目研究针对性地解决了规模风电接入后对网架重构恢复效果和恢复安全带来的突出问题，拓展和深化了电力系统恢复控制领域的研究体系和研究内容，项目成果更加契合电网电源结构变化对于快速恢复决策支持的需要，有助于提升高比例可再生能源电力系统应对大停电事故的能力。