基于能量吸收原理的爆破振动舒适性评价方法研究

With the extensive use of blasting techniques and complex construction environment, the disputes and complaints caused by blasting vibrations are becoming increasingly intense. The essence of most complaints against blasting projects involves blasting vibration comfort issues rather than safety issues, reflecting the instinctive responses of residents who fear that their personal and property interests are being threatened by blasting vibration. Studies have shown that human beings are highly sensitive to the vibrations caused by ground and air disturbances during blasts, and their sensitivity level is approximately ten times of that of buildings. Vibration intensities which meet the requirements of vibration comfort are much lower than the safety limits for structure damages. Comfort due to blasting vibration is an emerging cross discipline involved in a multi discipline, such as explosion mechanics, structure and biological dynamics, et al. The suitable assessment methods and standards for blasting vibration comfort have not been clearly defined. Starting with analyzing the mechanism and influence factor of blasting vibration comfort, a human body linear-elastic vibration model will be developed, according to which the effect of blasting vibration on the human body is regarded as an energy transmission and conversion process. Some elasto-plastic model of typical multi-storey building will be developed and the blasting seismic wave act as the input load. Combined with the blasting vibration data measured on different floors, the blasting vibration energy and frequency response of multi-storey building will be quantitatively analyzed. Based on a large number of blasting vibration monitoring and comfort survey data, study on the classification of the crowd around the blasting operation. Based on the energy absorbing index, a different comfort criterion is established according to the characteristics of different blasting operations and crowd. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to promote the engineering blasting operation carried out smoothlyand social harmony and stability.

随着爆破技术的广泛使用及施工环境的复杂化，因爆破地震效应而引发的民事纠纷和诉讼愈演愈烈，其本质是一种典型的振动舒适性问题而非安全性问题，是居民在其人身财产面临威胁时做出的一种本能反应。爆破振动舒适性评价是一门涉及爆炸力学、结构与生物动力学等多学科的新兴交叉学科，相关研究刚刚起步。本课题将深入分析爆破振动舒适性产生机理，系统研究爆破振动舒适性影响因素，建立人体弹性振动模型，构建以人体吸收能量指标为基础的研究模型；建立多种典型多层建筑物三维计算模型，以实测爆破地震波为输入荷载，结合建筑不同楼层爆破振动实测数据，量化分析多层建筑不同楼层对爆破振动能量大小和不同频率组成的“放大系数”；结合大量爆破振动监测与舒适性调查数据，对人群进行分类研究，构建一种以吸收能量指标为基础，针对不同爆源、建筑和人群特点的，有区别的舒适度判据。对促进工程爆破作业顺利进行及社会和谐稳定，具有重要理论价值和工程实践意义。

随着爆破技术的广泛使用及施工环境的复杂化，因爆破地震效应而引发的民事纠纷和诉讼愈演愈烈，大部分案例的本质是一个典型的振动舒适性问题而非安全性问题，是一门涉及爆炸力学、结构与生物动力学等多学科的新兴交叉学科。本项目深入分析了爆破振动舒适性产生机理，给出了基于小波去噪的四点向前差分的爆破振动加速度推求方法，给出了基于振动剂量指标VDV的舒适性控制标准。综合分析人体振动特性，建立了人体线弹性振动模型，提出了人体吸收爆破振动能量(Absorption Blasting Vibration Energy, ABVE)的评价模型，达到了定量分析各频率带上人体吸收爆破振动能量大小的目的。建立了多种典型多层建筑物数值模型，以实测爆破地震波为输入荷载，结合建筑不同楼层爆破振动实测数据，量化分析多层建筑不同楼层对爆破振动能量大小和不同频率组成的“放大系数”。针对诸多影响舒适性感受的非爆破振动因素，采用李克特量表(Likert scale)方法进行爆破振动舒适性感受调查，分析了各因素对舒适性感受影响的大小，确定了影响较大的5个非爆破振动因素。结合大量爆破振动监测与舒适性调查数据，分别建立了基于GA-BP模型和模糊层次分析理论(Fuzzy-AHP)的爆破振动舒适性主观感受综合评价和预测模型。依托多个工程案例，对爆破作业周边人群进行分类研究，初步可以较准确地评价和预测爆破振动舒适度，最终构建了一种以ABVE指标为基础，针对不同爆源、建筑和人群特点的，差别化的舒适度评价方法和判据。