硅橡胶分层老化模型及微观结构演化表征技术研究

Silicon rubber composite insulator ageing phenonmenon is an important key technical problem which hasn't been solved in anti-pollution flashover & electrical outer insulation area. Macroscopic electrical and mechanical property test cann't refelect silicon rubber ageing phenonmenon and process well and truly.It is in urgent need of ageing chemical structure change characterization, microstructure aggregation morphology acharacterization,ageing evoluatin mechanism and layerd ageing model for silicon rubber. Advanced microstructure quantitative characteration means including FTIR -ATR as well as infrared microspectroscopy and micro-raman spectroscopy and XPS will be used to ageing chemical structure characterization. Positron lifetime spectra, slow positron electronic technology, dynamic force anysis will be used to observe the ageing microsructure aggregation morphology. Quantitative accelerated aging test methods including glow discharge plasma, AC corona, ultraviolet, salt frog and hygrothermal aging will be developed for silicon rubber ageing process control.Natural eviorment ageing silicon rubber will be compared with microstructure. Dynamic evoluation process of microsructure aggregation morphology and ageing machanism will be revealed. Layered ageing model and diagnosis method based on microstructure scale will be proposed,which is very useful for ageing machanism revealing, lifetime assessment and performance improvement of silicon ruber composite insulator.

复合绝缘子硅橡胶老化是电气外绝缘防污闪领域的重要关键技术问题，目前宏观电气力学性能测试不能准确反映硅橡胶老化现象及进程。本项目拟从硅橡胶老化化学结构表征技术、微观聚集形态表征技术、老化进程中微观结构演变特征、硅橡胶分层老化模型等方面开展深入研究，基于表面红外、显微红外、显微拉曼、元素及成份分析技术定量研究硅橡胶老化后特征化学基团和化学键断裂所涉及分层分区域化学结构变化，基于正电子寿命谱以及慢正电子、电化学分析、动态力学分析等手段定量研究硅橡胶老化后微观结构聚集形态，发展辉光等离子体、重盐雾、电晕、重盐雾、强紫外及湿热等典型环境定量加速老化试验方法，并与自然老化硅橡胶微观结构对比，研究复合绝缘子硅橡胶老化微观结构动态演变过程及失效机理，提出硅橡胶老化分层结构模型，提出基于微观结构标尺的硅橡胶老化诊断表征方法，研究结果对于揭示硅橡胶老化机制并应用于复合绝缘子寿命评价、性能改进等意义重大。

复合绝缘子硅橡胶老化是电气外绝缘防污闪领域的重要关键技术问题，目前宏观电气力学性能测试不能准确反映硅橡胶老化现象及进程。本项目从硅橡胶老化化学结构表征技术、微观聚集形态表征技术、老化进程中微观结构演变特征、硅橡胶分层老化模型等方面开展深入研究，建立了针对硅橡胶化学结构表征的表面傅立叶红外和显微红外、显微拉曼光谱、X射线能量色散谱、XPS表面元素含量、XPS表面元素化学态、SEM微观形貌表征对应的的检测流程和方法，以及针对硅橡胶微观聚集形态表征的正电子寿命谱及自由体积、慢正电子束结构、硅橡胶硫化曲线、动态力学性能表征对应的检测流程和方法，发展了辉光等离子体、重盐雾、电晕、重盐雾、强紫外及湿热等典型环境定量加速老化试验装置和方法，并与自然老化硅橡胶微观结构对比，揭示了复合绝缘子硅橡胶加速老化过程中微观结构动态演变过程和化学反应机理，提出了硅橡胶老化分层结构模型及硅橡胶老化憎水恢复模型，建立了接触角余弦值与恢复时间、无机层厚度及小分子扩散速率的关系式，揭示了硅橡胶老化后憎水恢 复的机理，研究结果对于揭示硅橡胶老化机制并应用于复合绝缘子寿命评价、性能改进等意义重大。