基于InSAR的矿区地表三维形变监测预计与地下开采定量反演

InSAR technology has been widely used to monitor ground mining-induced displacements due to it can obtain the deformation of the whole subsidence basin with high accuracy.Unfortunately,the displacement measured by a single InSAR pair is along the radar Line of Sight (LOS) direction. Thus, this project will first study the theory and approach to retrieve three-dimensional (3D) displacements of mining area from a single InSAR pair, and then develop a model related the LOS deformation with the parameters of mining-induced displacements prediction and the distribution of underground goaf, followed by the method of detecting the underground mining activity based on the InSAR-derived deformation.The project will contribute to break through the bottleneck of mining surface 3D displacements estimation utilizing InSAR technique and expand the model and approach for predicting mining-induced displacements. In addition, it can provide a way to measure, broadcast and assess the geologic hazard of mining area with low cost, high accuracy and wide spatial coverage.At last, the project will benefit to mitigate the secondary disaster induced by underground abondoned goaf and fine supervisor the illegal underground mining.

利用InSAR进行矿区地表形变测量已经得到广泛的关注，其优点是能高精度获取矿区整体的地表变形。但单个InSAR干涉对获取的是矿区地表LOS向(雷达视线方向)形变。本项目主要研究利用单个InSAR干涉对获取矿区地表三维形变场的理论和方法；建立LOS向形变场与矿区地表形变预计参数、地下采空区位置和空间分布形态参数之间的关系模型；研究利用InSAR获取的矿区整体地表变形场反演地下开采活动的理论与方法。本项目：（1）对突破InSAR矿区三维形变高精度监测技术瓶颈、扩展传统开采沉陷预计方法和模型具有重要的科学意义和学术价值；（2）对实现我国矿区地表形变的低成本、高精度、大范围测量和地质灾害预报及损坏评估具有重要的现实意义和社会价值；（3）对减少地下采空区次生灾害、定量监管矿区非法开采具有重要的指导意义和参考价值。

针对InSAR矿区三维形变难以准确估计和预计以及地下开采活动无法定量反演等问题，本项目：（1）提出了基于单轨InSAR数据的矿区地表多量级三维/三维时序形变估计理论和方法体系；（2）构建了联合InSAR观测值和沉陷模型的矿区地表三维静态/三维动态形变预计理论与方法；（3）发展了基于星载InSAR的矿区地下采空区定量反演理论。本项目的完成：（1）突破了传统单轨InSAR仅能监测矿区地表一维形变的技术瓶颈，拓展了InSAR矿区的应用前景，为矿区地表高时空分辨率三维形变监测提供了一套全新的、低成本的，且易于实施的理论体系和技术途径；（2）扩展了InSAR三维形变监测理论体系以及开采沉陷预计方法和模型，为矿区低成本、高精度、大范围测量和地质灾害损害预报、评估和防控提供了全新的手段；（3）为地下采空区次生灾害评估、定量监管矿区非法开采、矿区塌陷土地再利用等提供了技术支持。