京津冀地区城乡发展转型过程及其资源环境效应互馈机制研究

Rural-urban development transformation (RUDT) is a comprehensive human process of element transfer, strategy change and mechanism transformation between rural and urban regions, showing the transformational changes in the rural-urban relations, spatial links and development modes. Usually, the RUDT involves rural-urban migration and changes in demographic, industrial, and employment structures as well as land use patterns. Since the reform and opening up, the RUDT has exerted a profound impact on the flow, gathering and space links of production elements between rural and urban areas in China. Rapid rural-urban transition and the irrational use of natural resources have exacerbated the resource depletion and environmental pollution, hindering the sustainable development of regional economy and society. Meanwhile, the strong resources and environmental constraints can be a reaction to the transition of the rural-urban production factors, making a great difference on the process and spatial patterns and morphological characteristics of the RUDT. Therefore, studies on the process, patterns of the RUTD and its resources and environmental effects as well as the mutual feedback mechanism are of great significance to effective prevent and control the regional resources and environmental problems. For the reality of highly centralized and increasingly intensified of the resources and environmental problems during the integration development process of the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region, this project will use the RS, GIS, field surveys and econometric models and other methods to: depth analyze the phase characteristics, development trends and dynamic mechanisms of structural and functional evolution of rural-urban territorial system; assess the RUTD’s process and its resources and environmental effects; simulate and detect the process and pattern dynamics of rural-urban transition under the resources and environment constraints; systematically reveal the feedback mechanism between the RUDT and the resources and environmental effects, and to explore the optimal regulation path of regional population, resources, environment and socioeconomic coordinated development. Our findings would help to enrich the man-land relationship areal system and balancing urban-urban development theory, and provide a scientific basis for promoting the decisions on the new-type urbanization and the integrated urban-rural development strategies in China.

改革开放以来，城乡转型深刻改变着我国城乡要素的流动、集聚与空间联系。而快速的城乡转型过程及其一些资源的不合理利用，加剧了资源损耗和环境污染，制约了区域经济社会的可持续发展。同时，资源环境强约束又反作用于城乡转型，对城乡转型过程与格局形态产生重大影响。因此，深入开展城乡发展转型过程及其资源环境效应互馈机制研究对有效防控区域性资源环境问题的意义重大。项目针对京津冀区域一体化进程中资源环境问题高度集中、且日益激化的现实状况，运用RS、GIS、实地调查、计量模型等方法，剖析城乡地域系统结构与功能演变的阶段特征、发展态势与动力机制，分析评价城乡发展转型过程及其资源环境效应，模拟探测资源环境约束下城乡转型过程与格局动态，系统揭示城乡转型过程及其资源环境效应互馈机制，探明区域资源环境问题优化调控路径。研究成果将丰富城乡地域系统与统筹城乡发展理论，为推进我国新型城镇化、城乡发展一体化战略决策提供科学依据。

城乡发展转型是指城乡土地、人口、产业等要素的重新配置、空间重构过程，是人地关系地域系统交互作用的过程。城乡发展不协调是人地关系交互作用失衡的一种外在表现。本项目试图刻画中国城乡转型发展的过程、格局及其产生的资源环境效应，揭示区域可持续发展的内在机理。立足于人地关系地域系统理论和区域可持续发展理论，本项目围绕预定研究目标，主要开展了三方面的研究，并取得了以下几方面的重要进展：（1）诊断识别了中国城乡发展转型过程及其资源环境问题。结果表明当前我国城乡转型发展过程中呈现的突出问题表现为农村人口和土地要素快速非农化，村庄空废化和空心化、城市污染与农村环境恶化、城市病与乡村病并存等。（2）评估了中国城乡发展转型的资源环境效应。结果表明土地、资本、劳动力扩张对非农经济增长效应空间上各异，城市空气污染问题是快速城乡发展转型的一种表现。（3）贫困地区是阻碍城乡一体化发展的短板，围绕贫困地区转型发展的问题，提出了贫困地域系统的概念，研究了贫困地区转型发展和乡村振兴的内在机理，探明了快速城乡发展转型背景下贫困地区脱贫振兴路径与可持续发展模式。土地整治是破解贫困地区缺土地、缺资金、缺技术、缺人才的重要途径，可以激发贫困地区的内生动力，促进城乡土地、资金、技术等要素的合理配置，以及乡村生产、生活、生态空间的重构，从而促进贫困地区产业、人才、生态、组织的全面振兴乃至区域可持续发展。研究结果有望为我国乡村振兴和城乡一体化国家战略的顺利推进提供决策支持。