二维晶体/钨酸锌杂化材料的构筑及其对海洋微生物灭活机理研究

With a title of "Research and Development of Environment-Friendly materials for inactivating the marine microorganisms ", this work focuses on the development of ZnWO4 hybridized by 2D materials. The 2D hybrid materials were prepared via solvent thermal, sonochemical synthesis and in situ grafting method. To the best of our knowledge, there are few reports about investigating the microorganism inactivation activity of ZnWO4 hybridized by 2D materials. The chemical composition, microstructure, morphology of the prepared materials were characterized and analyzed by modern testing techniques. The structure-property relationships between the microorganism inactivation activity and their physical, chemical properties and microstructures were studied by photoelectrocatalytic inactivation measurements. This was the purpose of this work, and it was expected to design an inert material for ballast water treatment through the study on how those materials characteristics influence microorganism inactivation activity, the preparation of the hybrid materials was also studied. The inactivation mechanism of 2D hybrid materials and factors that affect microorganism inactivation activity were discussed from internal and external causes. It has some guiding significance for the development of environment-friendly microorganism inactivation materials in ballast water purification system.

本项目以研发环境友好型海洋微生物灭活材料为主题来展开研究，拟通过溶剂热法、超声法、原位接枝法等方法构筑具有多尺度微/纳结构表面的石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、单层石墨相氮化碳、黑磷烯等二维晶体/钨酸锌杂化材料，分析二维晶体杂化引起的钨酸锌表面成分、结构、形貌及表面特性变化，研究二维晶体杂化对钨酸锌海洋微生物灭活性能的影响规律。通过本项目的研究可以建立二维晶体/钨酸锌杂化材料的构筑方法，阐明二维晶体杂化提升钨酸锌海洋微生物灭活性能机理，为二维晶体/半导体杂化材料的设计提供科学依据。在此基础上，优化合成二维晶体/钨酸锌杂化材料的途径，从而实现多尺度微/纳结构材料表面的可控设计和制备，阐明二维晶体/钨酸锌杂化材料成分、结构、形貌、表面特性和海洋微生物灭活性能之间的构效关系，为构筑性能优异的海洋微生物灭活材料并应用于压载水净化处理奠定理论和实验基础。

船舶航行过程中产生的船舶压载水中含有大量的有害杂质和不同种类的致病细菌，海洋微生物随着船舶航行进入了新的生态系统，破坏了环境的稳定性，甚至危及人类的身体健康。因此必须对船舶压载水进行适当处理，以杀死所有致病微生物。半导体光催化技术已被证明是一种有效灭活海洋微生物的手段，但光催化剂光生载流子分离效率低严重制约其应用。本项目以钨酸锌光催化剂为主要研究对象，以二维晶体材料对其进行修饰的方法来提升钨酸锌材料的光催化活性，从而达到高效灭活船舶压载水中的海洋微生物。通过详细的催化剂结构表征、光催化活性测试、电化学表征、第一性原理计算、自由基捕获实验等揭示了钨酸锌在海水体系中的光催化反应路径，以及二维晶体材料提升钨酸锌光催化性能的机理。并以此为基础，发展了多种二维材料修饰的光催化剂用于海洋微生物灭活，显著提升了光催化灭活海洋微生物效率。本项目进一步发展了光电催化灭活海洋微生物技术并为压载水净化研究提供理论基础。