海洋中多环芳烃高灵敏快速监测方法-新型磁萃取技术研究

Due to the complicated and tedious extraction progress, it is difficult to analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) rapidly on–site in marine environmental monitoring. This project is proposed to develop a magnetic extraction technique, with functionalized magnetic nanoparticle as the extracting medium and a self-made instrument as the extraction device. The technique integrates extraction, separation, purification and enrichment together. The specific research includes: (1)synthesis of the magnetic nanoparticle: aiming at the poor affinity and recovery of the traditional media with seawater matrix, the magnetic nanoparticle’s structure and surface function are modified to develop the magnetic extraction medium with good matrix compatibility, high extraction capacity and fast mass transfer coefficient ; (2)fabrication of a portable magnetic extraction instrument based on the principle of electromagnetic interaction for enhancing extraction efficiency and simplifying operational processes; (3)integrating the extraction medium with the magnetic extraction instrument to apply in the determination of PAHs in the seawater. The set of device will meet all the requirements for the extraction and enrichment of PAHs during the on-site marine investigation. It will settle the theoretical basis for the development of rapid analytical technology in marine environmental monitoring. Meanwhile, the research achievement will be directly applied to develop marine organic pollutant analyzer. This project is significant for improving marine ecological environment monitoring technology in China.

在海洋环境监测中，多环芳烃难于实现现场快速分析其关键就在于其复杂冗长的萃取富集过程。基于此，本项目拟开发以功能化磁性纳米粒子为萃取介质的磁萃取富集技术，并构建集萃取、分离、纯化和富集于一体的快速预处理装置，对该技术进行测试和优化。具体研究内容包括(1)功能磁性纳米粒子的合成：针对传统萃取介质与海水基质亲和性差、回收不完全的缺点，对纳米粒子进行结构调控和表面功能化处理，发展海水基质兼容性好、萃取容量大、传质效率高的磁性萃取介质；(2)基于电磁作用构建便携式磁萃取装置，提高萃取效率，简化操作流程，增强操作便利性；(3)整合萃取介质与萃取装置，将该系统应用于海水中PAHs的样品预处理，满足日常海洋监测工作需求。该项目的开展将为开发海洋环境监测快速分析新技术奠定理论基础，同时，项目研究成果可直接用于海洋有机污染物分析仪的开发，填补国内外相关技术空白，对提高我国海洋生态环境监测技术水平具有重要意义。

快速、实时、准确的污染监测是提高海洋环境监测能力和实施污染调控治理的关键。多环芳烃（PAHs）是海洋污染监测的重要指标，但是现行监测方法难以实现高效率、高灵敏度的快速现场检测，其主要瓶颈在于复杂冗长的富集纯化过程。为此，本课题提出以表面功能化磁纳米粒子（SFMNPs）为萃取介质的磁固相萃取（MSPE）方法，以期在PAHs污染检测预处理方面有效改善其富集纯化过程，提高效率。本项目从海水基质的特点和目标物的特性出发，合成了多种表面功能化磁纳米材料，优化了其海水中的分散性、选择特异性和生物兼容性，进而提高萃取效率和净化程度；依据化学理论和实验经验，构建新型萃取材料，解决了基质分散性、吸附选择性以及生物兼容性问题，可显著提高萃取效率；基于电磁作用研制了集萃取、分离、纯化和富集于一体的快速预处理装置便携式磁萃取装置，提高萃取效率，简化操作流程，增强操作便利性；整合萃取介质与预处理装置，将该系统应用于海水中PAHs的快速检测。研究结果表明，该方法稳定高效，该技术自动化程度高，显著提高了工作效率，可满足海洋监测工作需求。该项目的项目研究成果可直接用于海洋有机污染物分析仪的开发，为提高我国海洋生态环境监测技术水平提供了技术支持。