不对称辐射环境动态热舒适机理与评价

Asymmetric radiant environment created by radiant heating and cooling terminals is a kind of non-uniform thermal environment. While the current design parameters for radiant terminals are in accordance with previous test results on short-term exposure of such asymmetric radiation environment, the comfort risk of long-term staying in asymmetric radiation environment in real buildings may be underestimated. Especially under the occasion of the radiant floor cooling, it is easy to underemphasize the foot and leg discomfort for light dressed occupants, female and the elderly population. In this study, we focus on occupants’ subjective comfort perception, physiological response and the dynamics of acceptable thresholds for asymmetric radiant exposure through both field investigation and climate chamber experiment. Basing on such results, the correlations between local thermal comfort and overall thermal comfort in asymmetric radiant environment will be analyzed, and the underlying mechanism will be explored from the view of physical heat transfer, physiological response and psychological perception. In addition, a dynamic human body thermal response model and environmental evaluation method of asymmetric radiant environment will be proposed. These results are supposed to provide theoretical basis for the design of the radiant heating and cooling system, especially for the design limits of long-term exposure for light dressed occupants, female and the elderly population.

辐射空调供冷供暖末端产生的不对称辐射环境是一种不均匀热环境，当前根据不对称辐射环境短期暴露下的热舒适实验结果所提出的设计参数限值，在办公室、住宅等人员中长期停留的场合可能存在被低估的风险，特别是在地板辐射供冷环境中，对于腿部以下暴露着装、女性及老年人等群体，容易低估足底、腿部的不适感。本研究以辐射空调为主要应用场合，拟通过热舒适现场调查、环境舱人体动态热反应实验方式，研究中长期处于不对称辐射环境中人员的热舒适投票、生理参数、不对称辐射暴露可接受阈值随时间的动态变化规律，分析不对称辐射环境下局部热舒适与整体热舒适的关联性，探寻其中的物理传热、生理学、心理学机理，提出不对称辐射环境下人体的动态热响应模型和环境评价方法，为辐射空调供冷供暖系统的设计提供理论依据，提出辐射空调供冷供暖系统的环境设计参数限值，特别是基于中长期暴露时长、考虑轻薄着装、女性及老年人群体的环境设计参数限值。

辐射供冷供暖系统通常伴随着不对称热辐射，已有的不对称辐射环境热舒适评价方法对暴露时间的关注较少，依据短期不对称辐射暴露热舒适实验所制定的设计参数限值，在中长期（2小时到8小时）停留的场合可能存在局部不舒适被低估的风险。本课题针对辐射供冷供暖系统缺乏热舒适评价方法的问题，系统开展辐射供冷供暖热舒适实验，通过热舒适现场调查、环境舱人体动态热反应实验方式，研究中长期处于不对称辐射环境中人员的热舒适投票、生理参数、不对称辐射暴露可接受阈值随时间的动态变化规律，分析不对称辐射环境下局部热舒适与整体热舒适的关联性。基于以上研究，建立了辐射供冷供暖不对称辐射阈值模型，进而对不同辐射供冷供暖系统的提出了环境设计参数限值：地板供冷-短期（2h）不对称辐射温度"⊿Tpr"≤6.4℃；地板供冷-长期（8h）不对称辐射温度"⊿Tpr"≤4.1℃；地板供暖不对称辐射温度"⊿Tpr"≤5.8℃。.本研究提出不对称辐射环境下人体的动态热响应模型和环境评价方法，开发辐射供冷供暖舒适度评价工具，填补了国际权威热舒适标准体系（ASHRAE 55 /ISO 7730）在地板辐射供冷供暖阈值模型上的空白，形成了“辐射供冷供暖人体热舒适评价方法”学术成果，成果纳入国标、团体标准，并取得了多项软件著作权，为辐射空调供冷供暖系统的设计提供了依据。