航天诱变水稻新种质抗褐飞虱基因的精细定位及MAS育种利用

With global warming and change the system of farming and cultivation in rice regions, brown planthopper has become a primary pest to now cause serious damage to late-maturing mid-season rice and late rice in the lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Brown planthopper resistance gene research has been done, but still far from being able to meet the needs of the rice BPH-resistance breeding. The main problems is that most of the brown planthopper resistance genes have been identified derived from the local varieties of poor agronomic traits and wild rice. The most of genes has been mapped is relatively low in accuracy positioning. These seriously restricted the efficiency of the utilizition of resistance genes. The dry seeds of rice variety Yuxiangyouzhan were carried by recoverable satellite shijian-8. Under the eruption of rice brown planthopper in changsha in 2008, resistance-brown planthopper mutant BPH955 was selected from M2 population on ground. BPH955 had elite comprehensive agronomic traits. The study will clear genetic characteristics of the resistance gene and fine map BPH-resistance gene, as well as screen the molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes or co-segregation with resistance gene. The molecular markers will facilitate to improved the develepment of insect-resistance the parents of hybrid rice. The space-induced BPH-resistance rice was used to dig new resistance gene and the use of MAS breeding for the first time. Research materials is unique and innovative. but also give evidence of the radiation induced created the new brown planthopper resistance rice germplasm and the improvement of insect-resistance hybrid rice through the marker-assisted selection breeding.

随着全球性气候变暖以及稻作区耕作栽培制度的改变，褐飞虱已成为我国长江中下游及南方各省稻区迟熟中稻和晚稻的首要害虫。尽管抗褐飞虱基因研究已经做了大量工作，但仍远不能满足育种的需要。主要存在的问题是目前大部分已经鉴定的抗褐飞虱基因来源于野生稻材料或农艺性状较差的地方品种，且大多数定位精度还相对较低，严重影响了基因的利用和转育效率。本项目以航天诱变获得的农艺性状优良水稻抗褐飞虱新种质"航育BPH955"为研究对象，明确抗性基因的遗传特征，并通过对抗性基因进行精细定位，筛选与抗性基因紧密连锁或共分离的的分子标记，以利于分子标记辅助选择和杂交水稻抗虫特性的改良。该项目首次对航天诱变抗褐飞虱水稻抗源材料进行新基因的挖掘与MAS育种利用，研究材料具有独特和创新性，研究结果不仅可丰富抗褐飞虱基因的理论研究基础，而且可为辐射诱变创制水稻抗褐飞虱新种质和MAS技术改良杂交水稻亲本抗虫性的可行性提供证据。

随着全球性气候变暖以及稻作区耕作栽培制度的改变，褐飞虱已成为我国长江中下游及南方各省稻区迟熟中稻和晚稻的首要害虫。尽管抗褐飞虱基因研究已经做了大量工作，但仍远不能满足育种的需要。主要存在的问题是目前大部分已经鉴定的抗褐飞虱基因来源于野生稻材料或农艺性状较差的地方品种，且大多数定位精度还相对较低，严重影响了基因的利用和转育效率。本项目以航天诱变获得的农艺性状优良水稻抗褐飞虱新种质“航育BPH955”为研究对象，明确抗性基因的遗传特征受一对显性主效基因控制，并初步将该抗病基因定位于染色体11号连锁群上，距离SSR标记RM202的遗传距离为10.2cM，距离SSR标记RM229的遗传距离为8.7cM。经6 次回交以后，再经过2 代自交，获得表型性状与轮回亲本相似、同时抗性优良单株抗性改良材料辐稻680，该项目首次对航天诱变抗褐飞虱水稻抗源材料进行新基因的挖掘与MAS 育种利用，研究材料具有独特和创新性，研究结果不仅可丰富抗褐飞虱基因的理论研究基础，而且可为辐射诱变创制水稻抗褐飞虱新种质和MAS 技术改良杂交水稻亲本抗虫性的可行性提供证据。