甘蓝骨干亲本01-20-2的遗传构成及其育种效应分析

Aiming at the situation that there is no research on genetic basis and breeding effect of cabbage founder parents, 01-20-2 (founder parent) and its seven sister lines (non-founder parents), derived progenies (10 lines and 8 major varieties) of 01-20-2, DH population produced by microspore culture from the hybrid of founder parent 01-20-2 and inbred line 96-100 are used as materials on the basis of pedigree analysis. The investigation of important agronomic traits in two years under three different ecological conditions could interpret the mophorlogical characteristics inherited from founder parent 01-20-2. The SSR and InDel markers are used to screen the whole genome to clarify the distribution and transfer rule of specific chromosome loci for founder parent 01-20-2. The constructed high density linkage map and association analysis could clarify the relationship between specific loci of founder parent and important agronomic traits, elucidate the breeding effect of specific loci, discover specific chromosome loci and regions which played key role in cabbage breeding. According to above results, the fully clarified forming mechanism of founder parent 01-20-2 will provide theoretical guide for the creation of new founder parents. This project belongs to an integrated cross-disciplinary research to connect the germplasm resources, basic research and conventional breeding. Its implementation is of great significance to improve cabbage breeding theory and breeding efficiency.

针对国内外尚未研究甘蓝骨干亲本遗传构成、育种效应的现状，在甘蓝品种系谱分析的基础上，以从"北京早熟"系选获得的骨干亲本01-20-2及其7个姊妹系（非骨干亲本）、骨干亲本的10个衍生系和8个主要衍生品种、由骨干亲本和自交系96-100配制的杂交种经小孢子培养获得的DH群体为材料，通过两年三个生态条件的重要农艺性状调查，解析骨干亲本传递的表型特征；利用SSR和InDel标记进行全基因组扫描，阐明骨干亲本01-20-2特异位点在染色体上的分布和传递规律；构建高密度遗传连锁图谱并通过关联分析，阐明骨干亲本特异位点与重要农艺性状间的关系及其育种效应，挖掘在育种中发挥关键作用的特异位点和染色体区段；综合上述结果，全面解析骨干亲本01-20-2的形成机制，为选育新型骨干亲本提供理论指导。本研究属于连接种质资源、基础研究和常规育种的一个综合交叉学科，其结果对于提升甘蓝育种理论和育种效率具有重要意义。

针对国内外尚未研究甘蓝骨干亲本遗传构成、育种效应的现状，本项目在甘蓝品种系谱分析的基础上，以从“北京早熟”系选获得的骨干亲本01-20-2 及其7 个姊妹系（非骨干亲本）、骨干亲本的10 个衍生系和8 个主要衍生品种、由骨干亲本和自交系96-100 配制的杂交种经小孢子培养获得的DH 群体为材料，通过两年三个生态条件的重要农艺性状调查，解析骨干亲本传递的表型特征；利用SSR 和InDel 标记进行全基因组扫描，阐明骨干亲本01-20-2 特异位点在染色体上的分布和传递规律；构建高密度遗传连锁图谱并通过关联分析，阐明骨干亲本特异位点与重要农艺性状间的关系及其育种效应，挖掘在育种中发挥关键作用的特异位点和染色体区段。经过四年的研究，明确了骨干亲本的衍生品种数达27个；利用骨干亲本及自交系96-100的DH群体，构建了包含413个标记的遗传连锁图谱，检测到与33个农艺性状相关的QTL171个。与姊妹系比较，发现骨干亲本01-20-2具有6个特异染色体位点，这些位点与外叶颜色、叶球颜色、株幅、外叶长、株型、紧实度、品质性状等重要农艺性状关联。尤为突出的是，Chr.3上Indel64位点和Chr.9上Indel353位点其遗传效应分别与株型和外叶色、品质有关，并且具有明显的不同性状聚集和染色体区段效应，是骨干亲本01-20-2重要的特异位点。项目发表论文9篇，其中SCI收录7篇，培养硕士博士研究生3名。上述研究结果将为指导新骨干亲本的育成提供重要参考依据，对提高甘蓝育种效率具有重要意义。