挟沙风作用下风力机叶片涂层冲蚀过程及磨损评价的研究

As fossil resources is gradually dry up, wind power technology in recent years has been got the dramatic development.Blade is the key part of the wind turbine, and its costs account for about twenty percent of that of the wind turbine.There are the huge wind resource in the midwest region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, because the surrounding environment is seriously deteriorated, and a lot of solid particles are borne in the wind,the blade with high speed operation is seriously eroded，which results in increase of running resistance and noise and decline of wind power utilization. When the maintainence of blades is done, accordingly the operating costs of wind power enterprise increase. In this project, on the basis of elastic-plastic theory, the finite element method is used to simulate erosion process of the wind turbine blades by wind-borne solid particles, which are sepherical and sharp-angled shape,explore the stress-strain distribution law in the process of the erosion and microscopic damage process; adapting shelf-regulating experimental apparatus, air injection erosion apparatus, combining with the actual operating specifications of wind turbine, the erosion mechanism of coating of blades and effect of erosion speed,erosion angle and sand amount on abrasion loss are obtained in the process of erosion with the wind-borne sands. Based on the above research results, the evaluation methods of coating erosion are given and the theoretical basis is provided for the optimization and improvement of blades of wind turbine.

随着化石资源的逐渐枯竭，风力发电技术在近几年得到了大力发展。叶片是大型风机的关键部件，其成本约占风机的20%左右。内蒙古自治区中西部有着得天独厚的风力资源，但由于周边环境的恶化，风中挟带着大量的沙粒对高速旋转下的风机叶片涂层冲蚀磨损严重，导致叶片运行中阻力及噪声增大，风能利用率降低，风机叶片涂层的维护也将大大增加风电的运营成本。本项目基于弹塑性理论，通过有限元方法，采用内蒙古中西部地区挟沙风中典型的球形规则沙粒和带尖角的不规则沙粒，模拟挟沙风对风力机叶片涂层的冲蚀过程，探索冲蚀过程中应力应变分布规律及损伤演化过程；通过自制气流挟沙喷射冲蚀试验设备，基于风机叶片实际工况参数，获得冲蚀速度、冲蚀角及挟沙量等参数对冲蚀过程的影响规律，明确挟沙风作用下涂层的冲蚀机理并测算冲蚀量；综合上述研究，给出挟沙风对叶片涂层冲蚀磨损的评价方法，为开发适合风沙环境下叶片涂层提供理论依据。

随着化石资源的逐渐枯竭，风力发电技术在近几年得到了大力发展。叶片是风机的关键部件，其成本约占风机的20%左右。内蒙古自治区有着得天独厚的风力资源，但由于环境的恶化，风中挟带着大量的沙粒对工作中的风力机叶片涂层冲蚀磨损严重，导致叶片运行中阻力及噪声增大风能利用率降低，大大增加风电的运营成本。. 本项目基于弹塑性理论，通过有限元方法，采用内蒙古中西部地区挟沙风中典型的球形规则沙粒和带尖角的不规则沙粒，模拟挟沙风对风力机叶片涂层的冲蚀过程，探索冲蚀过程中应力应变分布规律及损伤演化过程；通过自制气流挟沙喷射冲蚀试验设备，基于风机叶片实际工况参数，获得冲蚀速度、冲蚀角及挟沙量等参数对冲蚀过程的影响规律，明确挟沙风作用下涂层的冲蚀机理并测算冲蚀量；综合上述研究，给出挟沙风对叶片涂层冲蚀磨损的评价方法，为开发适合风沙环境下叶片涂层提供理论依据。 . 研究结果表明：涂层的冲蚀磨损量随着冲蚀速度的增大而增加；低角度冲蚀以微切削冲蚀磨损作用为主，材料的硬度起着决定性作用，高角度冲蚀主要以挤压变形冲蚀磨损为主，材料的韧性起决定性因素，由于聚氨酯涂层材料是塑性材料，其韧性高而硬度低，故在低冲蚀角下冲蚀磨损量大；验证了评价计算公式用于评价涂层冲蚀磨损程度的可靠性，为运行在风沙环境下的风力机叶片涂层的改进提供理论依据。