基于多源天体观测的转移轨道自适应导航算法研究

The ground-based navigation can’t meet the need of deep space orbit transfer by the restriction of the real-time, cost and the resources. Astronomical/optical autonomous navigation becomes one of the effective technical means. Different from the ground navigation, optical navigation observation information is acquired by a variety of optical sensors which are carried by the detector, there is a large difference in navigation accuracy. How to effectively combine and deal with these different types navigation information, is the key to improve the navigation precision and reliability for interplanetary transfer orbit. In the project, we will mainly focus on the problem, combined with the characteristics of the available multi-source navigation information, carry out the research about multi-source navigation observation error analysis and optimization, navigation filter function model establishment, autonomous navigation information processing and simulation experiment. This project can provide a useful reference for the research of the transfer orbit navigation algorithm. It has important significance for the development of the optical data fusion theory and method, and to improve the applicability and reliability of the optical navigation system.

传统地基导航受实时性、成本和资源的限制无法满足星际转移轨道远距离、长时间巡航导航需求，基于天体观测信息的光学导航成为有效的技术手段之一。不同于地基导航，光学导航观测信息通过探测器自身携带的多种光学敏感器利用不同天体获取，其观测模型和精度存在较大差异，如何有效利用、合理处理这些不同类型多源导航信息是获取高精度和高可靠性导航结果的关键。本课题主要针对此问题，结合转移轨道段可用导航信息源的特点，对如何利用多种观测数据建立可靠的滤波模型，实现探测器轨道信息的自适应估计进行了研究，包含导航天体特性、导航敏感器观测误差分析、导航滤波函数模型建立、轨道确定的自适应估计等，并进行了导航仿真实验。本项目的研究可为转移轨道导航算法研究提供有益参考，对光学数据融合理论和方法的发展，提高光学导航系统的适用性和可靠性具有重要意义。

传统地基导航技术具有鲁棒性强、可靠性高的优点，但该技术受到实时性、成本和资源上的限制，为降低地面站测控负担，提高导航系统可靠性，开展本项目研究。本项目通过对导航天体及轨道特性、多源观测信息的分析和研究,针对探测任务导航系统对星历表的需求，完成了多类型导航星历表评估和选定；针对转移轨道特性，实现了不同类型任务转移时间、转移速度和关键参数的选择和优化，地球定向参数预报和分析；根据导航系统所获得的导航观测类型，完成了导航系统确定探测器轨道和姿态性能的评估；完成了不同类观测信息的优化组合，结合系统模型，实现探测器轨道信息的自适应估计和验证，提高了基于多源观测的导航精度。本项目的研究可为转移轨道性能分析、导航算法研究提供有益的参考。