导轨式电磁发射用重频速射型储能技术研究

In terms of the specific demands of the rail-type electromagnetic launcher to the high firing rate, this project proposes a new hybrid energy-storage technique for cyclic and high firing rate application based on the ultra-capacitor and the pulse power capacitor. And some primary technologies of the proposed technique would be systematically researched on. Firstly, the topology and the model would be built, and the process and regulation of the energy transfer from the ultra-capacitor to the pulse power capacitor would be analyzed, and the optimal configuration of the two kinds of capacitors under the high firing rate would be explored. Secondly, in terms of the problem of voltage drop, the self-leakage characteristics would be explored, and the voltage drop model would be built, and the influence of the voltage drop on the launch performance would be researched on. Thirdly, considering the cyclic, no periodically and transient characteristics, the circuit parameters would be researched on towards its time, frequency and temperature characteristics, and the corresponding control strategy would be proposed. Fourthly, the whole system model would be built, and the self-adaption control strategy would be proposed, which can compensate the voltage-drop, the parameter variation and the velocity deviation.Finally, the hybrid energy storage experiment platform would be built based on the existing pulse power equipment, and the proposed topology, transient characteristics and the control strategy would be validated. This project would provide the theoretical basis to improve the firing rate of the electromagnetic launch equipment, and lay the foundation of the serialization development of electromagnetic launch technology.

本项目针对导轨式电磁发射装置对高发射率的特殊要求，提出一种基于超级电容器和脉冲电容器的重频速射型复合储能技术，并对其若干关键基础技术问题进行深入系统地研究：（1）建立该型复合储能方案的拓扑结构和系统模型，分析超级电容器到脉冲电容器的能量转移过程和规律，探索重频发射率约束下两级储能的最优配置方案；（2）针对储能电容电压跌落问题，探索电容泄漏特性，建立自放电模型，分析自放电对输出性能的影响；（3）考虑储能系统循环非周期暂态的特殊工况，研究回路参数随时间和频率的动态特性，以及重频带来的温升特性；（4）建立全系统仿真模型，提出自适应闭环控制策略，实现对电压跌落、参数变化以及初速偏差的补偿。基于已有脉冲储能装置搭建复合型储能试验平台，对重频速射的拓扑结构、动态特性及控制策略进行验证。通过本项目的研究，可对提高电磁发射装备的发射率提供理论基础，可为电磁发射技术系列化发展奠定理论基础。

本项目针对防空反导用电磁发射装置对高发射率的特殊要求，综合对能源的功率和能量要求提出了一种基于超级电容器和脉冲电容器的重频速射型复合储能方案。针对重频速射型复合储能面临的关键基础技术问题进行了深入研究。开展了该型复合储能方案的拓扑结构分析和系统建模研究，分析得到了超级电容器到脉冲电容器的能量转移过程和规律，对重频发射率约束下的两级储能开展了最优配置方法研究；针对储能电容电压跌落问题，开展了电容泄漏特性分析，建立了电容的自放电模型，并分析了自放电对输出性能的影响；基于对储能系统循环非周期暂态工况的分析，进行了回路参数动态特性和温升特性分析；基于系统分析建立了全系统仿真模型，提出了针对电压跌落、参数变化以及初速偏差补偿的控制策略。通过本项目的研究，为提高电磁发射装备的发射率和电磁发射技术的系列化发展提供了基础。