无线化有线传感器网络的框架，算法及楼宇管理系统的实例研究

After a decade of research, we have a fair amount of understanding on the design within a wireless sensor network itself, e.g., OS, programming languages, routing, MAC, etc. Nevertheless, before true realization of the Internet of Things, we should expect the wireless sensor network, RFID applications used more pervasively in our society. Currently, research on wireless sensor network applications mainly focuses on proposing new frontiers, from volcano monitoring, home appliance control, to participatory sensing. We consider another type of applications that is equally important, i.e., transforming existing wired sensor networks into wireless or partially wireless. Wired sensor networks have already been used for ages in such domains as building management systems, structural health monitoring, industry and manufactory, to name but a few. The wireless sensor network has great advantages in its wireless feature, storage and processing power of the smart sensors; these can lead to a system that is much cheaper, more readily deployable/flexible and easier inter-connection in the future for the applications than a wired network. The key difference between proposing a new application and transforming an existing wired sensor network into wireless is that for existing wired sensor networks, they usually have a full set of upper layer protocols developed and standardized. A few previous studies develop new hardware and re-design proposals from bottom up. Such approach needs a long time for re-standardization and adoption. In this project, we open a new direction for wireless sensor network research by proposing a general framework transforms existing wired sensor network into wireless without changes of the upper layer protocols. We systematically answer the questions of if-possible, where, and how a wired sensor network can become wireless. A key of our proposal is an asynchronous response framework to maintain the control flow of the upper layer protocol intact, and a modular design to prioritize and schedule data transmission in case of link quality and throughput variation. We will study a comprehensive set of theories, algorithms and protocols within this framework. We will also develop and prototype a wireless system that can substitute (or partially substitute) the wired infrastructure of the building management systems.

由于无线传感器网络布设方便，成本低廉，在越来越多的场合得到了广泛的应用。当前对无线传感器网络的研究，多以开发新应用为出发点，自底向上设计符合应用要求的无线传感器节点、通信协议等。我们发现当前很多实际应用中，传统的有线传感系统仍大量使用。如无线化有线系统，可以在不影响系统性能的前提下，提高系统可扩展性，降低部署或更改的成本，还可大大普及无线传感网络应用，推进物联网物物相连，人物相连愿景的实现。但这些有线系统已有非常成熟的架构、协议及标准，若自底向上重新设计无线传感系统，新标准制定旷日持久。因此，我们提出无线传感器网络的一个新方向，就是在不更改现有有线传感器网络上层应用协议的情况下，将系统整体或部分无线化。本项目会提出一个无线化有线传感网络的普遍框架，回答有线传感网络能否，如何，何处无线化等问题，并研究其中理论，算法和协议。我们还会对无线化楼宇管理系统这一具体应用，进行实例研究并开发原型系统。

本项目的主要科学意义在于对智慧城市中的大量现有网络的增量部署、升级改造提出了整套研究框架和方案。这种增量部署相对于整套体系重建。我们认为体系重建面对的是全新应用，而增量部署面对的是应用的智能化的升级改造。互为有力补充。..具体来说，本项目提出对上层协议透明的无线化有线传感器网络的构想，提出并验证用异步响应来作为解决方案框架。在此框架中大量研究了无线化传输特点，根据应用进行无线化的传输方案，数据处理框架和方案，应用实例研究，等等。